| 1. |
- Fan, Lei, et al.
(author)
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Satellite-observed pantropical carbon dynamics
- 2019
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In: Nature Plants. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-0278. ; 5:9, s. 944-951
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Changes in terrestrial tropical carbon stocks have an important role in the global carbon budget. However, current observational tools do not allow accurate and large-scale monitoring of the spatial distribution and dynamics of carbon stocks1. Here, we used low-frequency L-band passive microwave observations to compute a direct and spatially explicit quantification of annual aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes and show that the tropical net AGC budget was approximately in balance during 2010 to 2017, the net budget being composed of gross losses of −2.86 PgC yr−1 offset by gross gains of −2.97 PgC yr−1 between continents. Large interannual and spatial fluctuations of tropical AGC were quantified during the wet 2011 La Niña year and throughout the extreme dry and warm 2015–2016 El Niño episode. These interannual fluctuations, controlled predominantly by semiarid biomes, were shown to be closely related to independent global atmospheric CO2 growth-rate anomalies (Pearson’s r = 0.86), highlighting the pivotal role of tropical AGC in the global carbon budget.
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| 2. |
- Grant, Jennifer, et al.
(author)
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Working towards a global-scale vegetationwater product from smos optical depth
- 2014
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In: 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). - 2153-6996 .- 2153-7003.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, vegetation optical depth from ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission is combined with other existing remote sensing, meteorological and literature data in order to obtain values of gravimetric vegetation water content (M-g). The methodology combines an effective medium model valid at passive microwave frequencies with a vegetation dielectric constant model. The algorithm is calibrated for 11 global vegetation classes. The resulting product consists of temporally dynamic similar to 25 km global grids of Mg. The first maps clearly show seasonal differences in vegetation water, which vary for the different continental regions due to variations in e.g. latitude, climate and landcover type. This new vegetation water product is unique and offers important complementary information to existing vegetation indices.
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| 3. |
- Hudson, Thomas J., et al.
(author)
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International network of cancer genome projects
- 2010
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 464:7291, s. 993-998
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was launched to coordinate large-scale cancer genome studies in tumours from 50 different cancer types and/or subtypes that are of clinical and societal importance across the globe. Systematic studies of more than 25,000 cancer genomes at the genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels will reveal the repertoire of oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of the mutagenic influences, define clinically relevant subtypes for prognosis and therapeutic management, and enable the development of new cancer therapies.
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| 4. |
- Lawrence, Heather, et al.
(author)
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Comparison between SMOS Vegetation Optical Depth products and MODIS vegetation indices over crop zones of the USA
- 2014
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In: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257. ; 140, s. 396-406
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission provides multi-angular, dual-polarised brightness temperatures at 1.4 GHz, from which global soil moisture and vegetation optical depth (tau) products are retrieved. This paper presents a study of SMOS' tau product in 2010 and 2011 for crop zones of the USA. Retrieved tau values for 504 crop nodes were compared to optical/IR vegetation indices from the MODES (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite sensor, including the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVE), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and a Normalised Difference Water Index (NOW!) product. tau values were observed to increase during the growing season and decrease during senescence in these areas, as did MODIS vegetation indices. SMOS' tau values generally peaked later than MODES LAI values, with an estimated time difference of about 19 days. A linear regression between tau and the MODIS products was carried out for each node and values of the determination coefficient, R-2, slope, b' and intercept, b '' were found. The average R-2 value varied from 0.32 to 035 for the different vegetation indices. The linear regression between LAI and tau produced an average slope of b' = 0.06, and an average intercept of b '' = 0.14. The effects of crop fraction and dominant crop type were investigated and crop fraction was found to have a low effect on R-2 values. R-2 values appeared to be lower for wheat and hay and higher for corn. b' and b '' values had higher standard deviations for wheat but were generally close to the mean values for corn, soybean and hay. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 5. |
- Scholze, M., et al.
(author)
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Mean European Carbon Sink Over 2010–2015 Estimated by Simultaneous Assimilation of Atmospheric CO2, Soil Moisture, and Vegetation Optical Depth
- 2019
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In: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276. ; 46:23, s. 13796-13796
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The northern land biosphere is believed to be the main global sink of CO2, but the contribution of Europe is uncertain. While bottom-up estimates and inverse atmospheric transport studies based on atmospheric CO2 observed in situ or from space by OCO-2 point to a moderate rate of uptake, some other inversions based on remotely sensed atmospheric CO2 from GOSAT/SCIAMACHY and biomass estimates from passive microwave satellite data point to a large sink of around 1 Gt C/yr. We present results from combining both approaches in a data assimilation framework, inverting a biosphere model against in situ atmospheric CO2 and passive microwave measurements. When assimilating all observations, we estimate a European carbon sink of 0.303 ± 0.083 Gt C/yr for 2010–2015. The result agrees with other bottom-up studies and atmospheric inversions using in situ CO2 or OCO-2 observations pointing to potential data problems when using observations from GOSAT or SCIAMACHY to estimate the European CO2 sink.
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| 6. |
- Tian, Feng, et al.
(author)
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Coupling of ecosystem-scale plant water storage and leaf phenology observed by satellite
- 2018
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In: Nature Ecology and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 2:9, s. 1428-1435
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant water storage is fundamental to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems by participating in plant metabolism, nutrient and sugar transport, and maintenance of the integrity of the hydraulic system of the plant. However, a global view of the size and dynamics of the water pools stored in plant tissues is still lacking. Here, we report global patterns of seasonal variations in ecosystem-scale plant water storage and their relationship with leaf phenology, based on space-borne measurements of L-band vegetation optical depth. We find that seasonal variations in plant water storage are highly synchronous with leaf phenology for the boreal and temperate forests, but asynchronous for the tropical woodlands, where the seasonal development of plant water storage lags behind leaf area by up to 180 days. Contrasting patterns of the time lag between plant water storage and terrestrial groundwater storage are also evident in these ecosystems. A comparison of the water cycle components in seasonally dry tropical woodlands highlights the buffering effect of plant water storage on the seasonal dynamics of water supply and demand. Our results offer insights into ecosystem-scale plant water relations globally and provide a basis for an improved parameterization of eco-hydrological and Earth system models.
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