| 1. |
- Kisonen, Victor, et al.
(author)
-
Cationised O-acetyl galactoglucomannans : Synthesis and characterisation
- 2014
-
In: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 99, s. 755-764
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Water-soluble O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) can be obtained from Norway spruce by hot-water-extraction of the wood or as a side product by ultrafiltration of mechanical pulping waters. Cationic and amphiphilic polysaccharides and their derivatives are of interest for a number of applications and thus quaternary nitrogen moieties with cationic charge were grafted onto GGMs in the heterogeneous reaction to render a cationic polyelectrolyte. The degree of substitution was measured by elemental analysis of nitrogen, by quantitative C-13 NMR and interestingly also by polyelectrolyte titration and the results were congruent. NMR, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS), and FT-IR analysis were used to characterise the product. THF or DMSO with water enhanced the reaction efficiency and decreased M-w reduction in comparison to plain water as a reaction media. Cationised GGM was also successfully acetylated. The cationic derivatives of hemicelluloses can potentially be utilised as polyelectrolyte layers in packaging and pharmaceutical applications.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kisonen, Victor, et al.
(author)
-
Composite films of nanofibrillated cellulose and O-acetyl galactoglucomannan (GGM) coated with succinic esters of GGM showing potential as barrier material in food packaging
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 50:8, s. 3189-3199
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-Norway spruce O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan (GGM) composite films were coated either with a novel succinic ester of GGM or with native GGM. NFC films were made for reference. The succinic ester of GGM was synthesised at low (GGM-Su1) and high (GGM-Su2) degree of substitution to obtain different level of water repellence. GGM and its succinic esters had good affinity with NFC substrate. This made it possible to implement the barrier functionality on the NFC network with the adequate mechanical properties. The coatings further enhanced the already excellent oxygen permeability properties, achieving 0.1 [(cm(3) A mu m)(m(2) kPa d)] as the lowest value with the NFC-GGM film double-coated with GGM-Su2. The films demonstrated pronounced stiffness by adding GGM to the NFC, as well as coating of GGM-Su2 on the NFC-GGM films at 0-90 % relative humidity. The films turned out to be impenetrable with grease even at high temperatures. NFC-GGM film with GGM-Su2 coating exhibited hydrophobic characteristics according to the water contact angle measurements. It was shown that adding 5.5 wt% of GGM to a NFC film and further 5.4 wt% of coating of GGM-Su or GGM on the film may highly enhance the feasibility of the biocomposites to be used for food packaging to replace typical oil-based non-biodegradable plastics currently used.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kisonen, Victor, et al.
(author)
-
O-acetyl galactoglucomannan esters for barrier coatings
- 2014
-
In: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 21:6, s. 4497-4509
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major enhancement of grease and water vapor barrier properties was accomplished with a 1-10 g/m(2) coating of O-acetyl galactoglucomannan (GGM) ester or with GGM coatings applied as water dispersions on cartonboard. GGMs were esterified with phthalic and benzoic anhydrides, respectively. The novel phthalic esters of GGM (GGM-Ph) were characterized with HPLC, NMR, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The degree of substitution of GGM-Ph was obtained by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and HPLC. The GGM esters and GGM were coated onto cartonboard, and they demonstrated good moisture and very good grease resistance even with thin 1-3 g/m(2) coatings. The time for penetration of 0.1 % rapeseed oil was 54 h with the 2.4 g/m(2) coating thickness. The lowest water vapor transmission value was 39 g/m(2)/24 h with 9.7 g/m(2) coating. The GGM esters had clearly higher water resistance and slightly higher grease barrier values than native GGM. High-molar-mass-based GGM (50 kg/mol) and GGM-Ph rendered better water vapor and grease barrier properties than low-molar-mass GGM (9 kg/mol) and GGM-Ph. The GGM-based coatings can be safely used on an industrial scale as water was used as a solvent. As obtained from non-food-based side-stream wood-based resources, GGM and GGM esters project a sustainable and modern conception for barrier purposes in food packaging.
|
|
| 4. |
- Liu, Jun, et al.
(author)
-
Insights on the distribution of substitutions in spruce galactoglucomannan and its derivatives using integrated chemo-enzymatic deconstruction, chromatography and mass spectrometry
- 2018
-
In: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 112, s. 616-625
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accurate determination of the distribution of substitutions in the primary molecular structure of heteropolysaccharides and their derivatives is a prerequisite for their increasing application in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, which is unfortunately hindered due to the lack of effective analytical techniques. Acetylated galactoglucomannan (GGM) is an abundant plant polysaccharide as the main hemicellulose in softwoods, and therefore constitutes an important renewable resource from lignocellulosic biomass for the development of bioactive and functional materials. Here we present a methodology for profiling the intramolecular structure of spruce GGM and its chemical derivatives (cationic, anionic, and benzoylated) by combining chemo-enzymatic hydrolysis, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Fast identification and qualitative mass profiling of GGM and its derivatives was conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Tandem mass fragmentation analysis and its hyphenation with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS) provide further insights on the substitution placement of the GGM oligosaccharides and its derivatives. This method will be useful in understanding the structure-function relationships of native GGM and their derivatives, and therefore facilitate their potential application.
|
|
| 5. |
- Liu, Jun, et al.
(author)
-
Profiling the substitution pattern of xyloglucan derivatives by integrated enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1463, s. 110-120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant polysaccharides constitute arguably the most complex family of biomacromolecules in terms of the stereochemistry and regiochemistry of their intramolecular linkages. The chemical modification of such polysaccharides introduces an additional level of complexity for structural determinations. We have developed an integrated analytical procedure combining selective enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and mass spectrometry (MS) to describe the substitution pattern of xyloglucan (XyG) and its chemo-enzymatic derivatives (cationic, anionic, and benzyl aminated). Enzymatic hydrolysis of XyG derivatives by a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase (XEG) generates oligosaccharides amenable for mass spectrometric identification with distinct structures, based on enzymatic substrate recognition and hydrolytic pattern. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offer qualitative mass profiling of the chemical derivatives. Separation and identification of the complex oligosaccharide profiles released by enzymatic hydrolysis is achieved by hyphenation of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS). Further fragmentation by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in positive mode enables the structural sequencing of modified XyG oligosaccharides and the identification of the substituent position without further derivatisation. This integrated approach can be used to obtain semi-quantitative information of the substitution pattern of hemicellulose derivatives, with fundamental implications for their modification mechanisms and performance.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Prakobna, Kasinee, et al.
(author)
-
Strong reinforcing effects from galactoglucomannan hemicellulose on mechanical behavior of wet cellulose nanofiber gels
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 50:22, s. 7413-7423
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Softwood hemicelluloses could potentially be combined with cellulose and used in packaging materials. In the present study, galactoglucomannan (GGM) is adsorbed to wood cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and filtered and dried or hot-pressed to form nanocomposite films. The CNF/GGM fibril diameters are characterized by AFM, and the colloidal behavior by dynamic light scattering. Mechanical properties are measured in uniaxial tension for wet gels, dried films, and hot-pressed films. The role of GGM is particularly important for the wet gels. The wet gels of CNF/GGM exhibit remarkable improvement in mechanical properties. FE-SEM fractography and moisture sorption studies are carried out to interpret the results for hygromechanical properties. The present study shows that GGM may find use as a molecular scale cellulose binding agent, causing little sacrifice in mechanical properties and improving wet strength.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
