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| 2. |
- Choque Olsson, Nora, et al.
(author)
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Social Skills Training for Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2017
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In: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 56:7, s. 585-592
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Social skills group training (SSGT) for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is widely applied, but effectiveness in real-world practice has not yet been properly evaluated. This study sought to bridge this gap.METHOD: This 12-week pragmatic randomized controlled trial of SSGT compared to standard care alone was conducted at 13 child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient units in Sweden. Twelve sessions of manualized SSGT ("KONTAKT") were delivered by regular clinical staff. Participants (N = 296; 88 females and 208 males) were children (n = 172) and adolescents (n = 124) aged 8 to 17 years with ASD without intellectual disability. The primary outcome was the Social Responsiveness Scale rating by parents and blinded teachers. Secondary outcomes included parent- and teacher-rated adaptive behaviors, trainer-rated global functioning and clinical severity, and self-reported child and caregiver stress. Assessments were made at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up. Moderator analyses were conducted for age and gender.RESULTS: Significant treatment effects on the primary outcome were limited to parent ratings for the adolescent subgroup (posttreatment: -8.3; 95% CI = -14.2 to -1.9; p = .012, effect size [ES] = 0.32; follow-up: -8.6; 95% CI = -15.4 to -1.8; p = .015, ES = 0.33) and females (posttreatment: -8.9; 95% CI = -16.2 to -1.6; p = .019, ES = 0.40). Secondary outcomes indicated moderate effects on adaptive functioning and clinical severity.CONCLUSION: SSGT for children and adolescents with ASD in regular mental health services is feasible and safe. However, the modest and inconsistent effects underscore the importance of continued efforts to improve SSGT beyond current standards.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: Social Skills Group Training ("KONTAKT") for Children and Adolescent With High-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01854346.
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| 3. |
- Forsman, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Förstudie kring miljöeffekter av modifiering av en vägbank i Slite skärgård
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Länsstyrelsen Gotlands län har tagit initiativ till en förstudie kring miljöeffekter av modifiering av en vägbank i Slite skärgård baserat på översiktliga studier. Vectura Consulting AB har offererat ett basupplägg för uppdraget och fått uppdraget. Uppdraget har genomförts under perioden augusti tom november 2010.
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| 4. |
- Hjertman, Martina, 1982, et al.
(author)
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The Social Impacts of War: Agency and Everyday Life in the Borderlands during the Early Seventeenth Century
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Historical Archaeology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1092-7697 .- 1573-7748. ; 22:2, s. 226-244
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we address some of the social impacts of war, including issues of negotiating identity during displacement caused by war. What it meant to be Swedish or Danish-Norwegian in a town where there was a not insubstantial population of foreign merchants would clearly be an ambiguous situation. Burghers were elected by fellow citizens, who were themselves from other parts of Sweden, Scandinavia, and Northern Europe, including Germany, Holland, England, and Scotland. Allegiances were contingent, and in many cases among aliens probably more local than national. The social impacts of war in modern-day west Sweden extended beyond the towns directly affected, such as Nya Lödöse and Ny Varberg. The degree to which individuals could act with agency and autonomy was contingent and context-specific. Forced migration and the negotiation of identity are issues that remain relevant today; questions of memory, property, trauma, history, and narratives are still debated by combatants and non-combatants. Many of the issues which both civilians and military men and women experienced in the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century wars between Sweden and Denmark-Norway are much the same as in more recent times. The social impacts of war in the seventeenth century were no less than those experienced in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
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| 6. |
- Kileng, Hege, et al.
(author)
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Personalized treatment of hepatitis C genotype 1a in Norway and Sweden 2014-2016 : a study of treatment outcome in patients with or without resistance-based DAA-therapy
- 2018
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 53:10-11, s. 1347-1353
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) may impair treatment response to direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. We investigated the effects of baseline NS3-RASs (Q80K and R155K) and clinically relevant NS5A-RASs in patients with HCV genotype (GT) 1a infection on treatment outcome, with or without resistance-based DAA-treatment. This multi-center study was carried out between 2014 and 2016.PATIENTS/METHODS: Treatment in the intervention group (n = 92) was tailored to baseline resistance. Detection of NS3-RAS led to an NS5A-inhibitor-based regimen and detection of NS5A-RAS to a protease-inhibitor regimen. Patients without baseline RAS in the intervention group and all patients in the control group (n = 101) received recommended standard DAA-treatment.RESULTS: The sustained virologic response rates (SVR) in the intervention and control groups were 97.8% (90/92) and 93.1% (94/101), respectively (p = .174). A trend toward higher SVR-rate in cirrhotic patients (p = .058) was noticed in the intervention group compared to the control group with SVR-rates 97.5% (39/40) and 83.3% (35/42), respectively. All patients with baseline NS3 (Q80K/R155K) or NS5A-RASs in the intervention group achieved SVR with personalized resistance-based treatment. In the control group, five patients with Q80K or R155K at baseline were treated with simeprevir + sofosbuvir and treatment failed in two of them. Furthermore, one of three patients who failed ledipasvir + sofosbuvir treatment had NS5A-RASs at baseline.CONCLUSIONS: In line with the findings of the OPTIMIST-2 trial for Q80K and the EASL-guidelines 2016 for NS5A-RASs, baseline RASs appeared to have an impact on treatment outcome albeit a statistical significance was not observed in this low-prevalence population.
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- Kjellin, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Controlling factors for water residence time and flow patterns in Ekeby treatment wetland, Sweden
- 2007
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In: Advances in Water Resources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0309-1708 .- 1872-9657. ; 30:4, s. 838-850
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Treatment wetlands play an important role in reducing nutrient content and heavy metals in wastewater and run-off water. The treatment efficiency strongly depends on flow pattern and residence times of the water. Here, we study the impact of different factors on water flow patterns based on a tracer experiment with tritiated water in a 2.6 ha constructed wetland pond. A 2D flow and inert transport model was used to evaluate the relative importance of bottom topography, vegetation distribution, water exchange with stagnant zones and dispersion. Results from computer simulations and independent measurements of friction losses as well as wetland geometry showed that variations in bottom topography, formed by several deep zones, decreased the variance in water residence times to a minor extent. Heterogeneity in vegetation, on the other hand, significantly contributed to the spread in water residence times and explained the multiple peaks observed in the breakthrough curves. Analyses showed that in the Ekeby treatment wetland, basin shape explained about 10% of the variance in the observed residence times, whereas vegetation explained about 60-80%. To explain all variance secondary factors were needed, such as dispersion and water exchange with stagnant zones. These were shown to contribute to the spread of residence times and primarily to the long tail of the observed breakthrough curves.
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| 8. |
- Kjellin, Johan, 1978-
(author)
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Coupled Hydrological and Microbiological Processes Controlling Denitrification in Constructed Wetlands
- 2007
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Treatment wetlands play an important role in reducing nitrogen content in wastewater and agricultural run-off water. The main removal process is denitrification and the removal efficiency depends on the hydrological and microbiological features of the wetland, especially in terms of water residence times and denitrification rates. The aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of the coupled hydrological and microbiological processes regulating the denitrification capacity. This was done by applying a broad spectrum of analyses methods, including tracer experiment, water flow modeling, denitrification rate measurements, and analyses of the microbial community structures. The tracer experiment and flow modeling revealed that the wetland design, especially the vegetation, largely can affect the water residence time distributions in wetlands. In the investigated wetland, vegetation dominated the water flow, explaining 60-80% of the variance in water residence times, whereas basin shape only explained about 10% of the variance, but also mixing phenomena significantly affected the residence times and could considerably delay solutes. Measured potential denitrification rates in the wetland exhibited significant spatial variations, and the variations were best described by concentration of nitrogen in sediments and water residence time. Analyses of the denitrifying bacteria populations indicated that a few key populations dominated and that the community diversity increased with decreasing nutrient levels and increasing water residence times. Moreover, it was found that denitrification rates in terms of Menten and first order kinetics can be evaluated by fitting a mathematical expression, considering denitrification and other nitrogen transforming processes to measured product formation in nitrate limited experiments.
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| 9. |
- Kjellin, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Spatial variations in denitrification activity in wetland sediments explained by hydrology and denitrifying community structure
- 2007
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In: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 41:20, s. 4710-4720
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We determined spatial variations in potential denitrification activity and the controlling hydrological as well as biochemical processes in the sediments of a Swedish treatment wetland. Hydrological processes, including water residence times, were analyzed using a 2D depth-averaged flow model and the denitrifier community structure was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoreses (DGGE) of nosZ genes, encoding nitrous oxide reductase. In addition, we provide a theoretical basis for evaluation of denitrification rates useful in nitrate-limited conditions. The results demonstrate that potential denitrification rates differed significantly between the sampling locations (CV=0.34). The variations were best described by concentration of nitrogen in sediments and water residence time. DGGE analyses indicated that a few key populations dominated and that the community diversity increased with decreasing nutrient levels and increasing water residence times. Moreover, we found that denitrification rates in terms of Menten and first-order kinetics can be evaluated by fitting a mathematical expression, comparing denitrification and other nitrogen-transforming processes to measured product formation in nitrate-limited experiments.
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