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- Ambalam, Padma, et al.
(author)
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Bile Enhances Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Biofilm Formation of Bifidobacteria.
- 2014
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In: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0291 .- 0273-2289. ; 172:4, s. 1970-1981
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty-four human bifidobacterial strains were analysed for cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) using a salt aggregation test (SAT) and a Congo red binding (CRB) assay. Three strains were selected for a systematic study on the CSH and biofilm formation: Bifidobacterium breve 46, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 8:8 and a reference strain B. animalis ssp. lactis JCM 10602. CRB of the B. breve 46 and B. animalis ssp. lactis JCM 10602 was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) when grown in deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe cysteine (MRSC) broth supplemented with taurocholic acid (TA) or native porcine bile (PB). An enhanced CSH of the strains grown with PB and gastric mucin correlated with an increased mucin binding and an enhanced biofilm formation in prebiotic oligosaccharide-supplemented cultures. The three strains showed late bile-induced biofilm (72 h) under an anaerobic growth condition, and both B. animalis ssp. lactis strains showed a late bile-induced biofilm formation under aerobic conditions shown by crystal violet staining. These two strains were thus considered to be oxygen tolerant and more robust. Furthermore, enhanced biofilm formation of these robust bifidobacterial strains in the presence of prebiotics may allow for strong colonisation in the gastrointestinal tract when administered to in vivo models as a "synbiotic supplement".
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| 3. |
- Ambalam, Padma, et al.
(author)
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Bile stimulates Cell Surface Hydrophobicity, Congo Red Binding and Biofilm Formation of Lactobacillus strains.
- 2012
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In: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6968 .- 0378-1097. ; 333:1, s. 10-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seventeen Lactobacillus strains were tested for cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) using the salt aggregation test (SAT) and Congo red binding (CRB) assay. CRB was pH and ionic strength dependent and protease sensitive and in the presence of 100 μg/ml cholesterol, the CRB was significantly reduced. Autoaggregating (AA) L. crispatus strains showed 50% more CRB than the reference strain, the curli-producing E.coli MC4100. CRB of L. crispatus 12005, L. paracasei F8, L. plantarum F44 and L. paracasei F19 was enhanced when grown in MRS broth with 0.5% taurocholic acid (TA) or 5% porcine bile (PB) (P<0.05). CSH was also enhanced for the non-AA strains, L. plantarum F44, L. paracasei F19 and L. rhamnosus GG when grown in MRS broth with 0.5% TA, 5% PB or 0.25% mucin with enhanced biofilm formation in MRS broth with bile (P<0.05). Two AA strains, L. crispatus 12005 and L. paracasei F8, developed biofilm independent of bile or mucin. In summary, under bile stressed growth conditions, early (24 h cultures) biofilm formation is associated with an increase in hydrophobic cell surface proteins and high CRB. Late mature (72 h culture) biofilm contained more carbohydrates as shown by crystal violet staining. © 2012 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.All rights reserved.
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- Kondepudi, Kanthi Kiran, et al.
(author)
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A novel multi-strain probiotic and synbiotic supplement for prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in a murine model.
- 2014
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In: Microbiology and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1348-0421 .- 0385-5600. ; 58:10, s. 552-558
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The protective effect of a multi-strain probiotic and synbiotic formulation was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice infected with Clostridium difficile (CD) NAP1/027. Antibiotic treated mice were divided into four groups. Group 1, fed with a synbiotic formulation consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum F44, L. paracasei F8, Bifidobacterium breve 46, B. lactis 8:8, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOS) and resistant starch (RS); group 2, fed with the same four probiotic strains as in group 1; group 3, fed with the same prebiotic supplements as mentioned in group 1 for seven days before CD infection and group 4, the control group, was antibiotic treated and infected with NAP1/027 strain. Faeces and caecal contents were collected for microbial cell viability, quantitative PCR (qPCR), toxin analyses and histopathology. Synbiotics and probiotics fed mice showed a significant increase of total bifidobacteria (P < 0.05). Total lactobacilli count was increased in group 1. The caecal toxins were negative in group 2 mice, and one sample each from group 1 and 3 was positive. qPCR of caecal content showed significant reduction in NAP1/027 DNA copies in group 1-2 and significantly higher numbers of B. breve 46, L. plantarum F44 and L. paracasei F8 in group 1 and 2 (P < 0.05) but much less pronounced in group 3-4. This study demonstrated that the newly developed synbiotic or multi-strain probiotic formulation conferred protection against NAP1/027 infection in C57BL/6 mice. This holds promising to conduct future human studies.
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| 6. |
- Kondepudi, Kanthi Kiran, et al.
(author)
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Prebiotic-non-digestible oligosaccharides preference of probiotic bifidobacteria and antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile.
- 2012
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In: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 18:5, s. 489-497
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bifidobacterium breve 46, Bifidobacteriumlactis 8:8 and Bifidobacteriumlongum 6:18 and three reference strains B. breve CCUG 24611, B. lactis JCM 10602, and Bifidobacteriumpseudocatenulatum JCM 1200 were examined for acid and bile tolerance, prebiotic utilization and antimicrobial activity against four Clostridium difficile (CD) strains including the hypervirulent strain, PCR ribotype NAP1/027. B. lactis 8:8 and B. lactis JCM 10602 exhibited a high tolerance in MRSC broth with pH 2.5 for 30 min. B. breve 46 and B. lactis 8:8 remained 100% viable in MRSC broth with 5% porcine bile after 4 h. All six strains showed a high prebiotic degrading ability (prebiotic score) with galactooligosaccharides (GOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOS) and lactulose as carbon sources and moderate degradation of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) was metabolized to a greater extent by B. lactis 8:8, B. lactis JCM 10602, B. pseudocatenulatum JCM 1200 and B. longum 6:18 (prebiotic score >50%). All strains exhibited extracellular antimicrobial activity (AMA) against four CD strains including the CD NAP1/027. AMA of B. breve 46, B. lactis 8:8 and B. lactis JCM 10602 strains was mainly ascribed to a combined action of organic acids and heat stable, protease sensitive antimicrobial peptides when cells were grown in MRSC broth with glucose and by acids when grown with five different prebiotic-non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). None of C. difficile strains degraded five prebiotic-NDOs. Whole cells of B. breve 46 and B. lactis 8:8 and their supernatants inhibited the growth and toxin production of the CD NAP1/027 strain.
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