| 1. |
- Ahlen, Maria Therese, et al.
(author)
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The Development of Severe Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia due to Anti-HPA-1a Antibodies Is Correlated to Maternal ABO Genotypes
- 2012
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In: Clinical & Developmental Immunology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1740-2530 .- 1740-2522.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Maternal alloantibodies against HPA-1a can cross placenta, opsonize foetal platelets, and induce neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). In a study of 100, 448 pregnant women in Norway during 1995-2004, 10.6% of HPA-1a negative women had detectable anti-HPA-1a antibodies. Design and Methods. A possible correlation between the maternal ABO blood group phenotype, or underlying genotype, and severe thrombocytopenia in the newborn was investigated. Results. We observed that immunized women with blood group O had a lower risk of having a child with severe NAIT than women with group A; 20% with blood group O gave birth to children with severe NAIT, compared to 47% among the blood group A mothers (relative risk 0.43; 95% CI 0.25-0.75). Conclusion. The risk of severe neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a antibodies is correlated to maternal ABO types, and this study indicates that the observation is due to genetic properties on the maternal side.
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| 2. |
- Andermo, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Sanctions and dollar dependency in Russia : resilience, vulnerability, and financial integration
- 2021
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In: Post-Soviet Affairs. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1060-586X .- 1938-2855. ; 37:3, s. 276-301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- What are the long-term effects of the financial sanctions against Russia? We provide a time-sensitive analysis of the sanctions impact on certain Russian financial markets and highlight how Russia has responded strategically. Our analysis also captures the effect of the threat of sanctions and informs the debate on sanctions effectiveness. Thus, our study indicates how financial sanctions can be incorporated into theories of deterrence and conflict resolution. We also provide some policy implications that can be generalized and reinforce previous research. Russia's banking system is highly dependent on dollar transactions, and in response to sanctions, Russia has systematically undertaken measures to promote its economic sovereignty under conditions of continued financial integration. We argue that sanctions put some pressure on the Russian budget, and that this effect has been exacerbated by the Covid-19 crisis, but also that Russia has used debt placements strategically in order to deter sanctions escalation.
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| 3. |
- Andermo, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Secrecy and Military Expenditures in the Russian Budget
- 2020
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In: Post-Soviet Affairs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1060-586X .- 1938-2855. ; 36:4, s. 297-322
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article proposes a transparent method for collecting, structuring, and analyzing Russian budget data on defense and security-related expenditures. A precise answer to the question of how big Russia’s defense expenditures are is impossible because of issues concerning secrecy and accounting principles. We circumvent this challenge by constructing lower and upper bounds for Russia’s military expenditure, showing that depending on the chosen measure these have increased from the range of 10.3–31.2% of federal expenditures in 2011 to 12.9–35.4% in 2018. The analysis also yields additional insights into the concept of secrecy in the Russian budget; we show that 39 out of 96 subchapters in the Russian budget contain secret expenditures, many of which are not nominally related to defense or security, and that secret expenditures increased as a share of total expenditures from 12% to 17% between 2011 and 2019.
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| 4. |
- Bjurström, Martin F., et al.
(author)
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Adherence to a restrictive red blood cell transfusion strategy in critically ill patients : An observational study
- 2024
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In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundRandomized controlled trials relatively consistently show that restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategies are safe and associated with similar outcomes compared to liberal transfusion strategies in critically ill patients. Based on these data, the general threshold for RBC transfusion was changed to 70 g/L at a 9-bed tertiary level intensive care unit in September 2020. Implementation measures included lectures, webinars and feedback during clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate how implementation of a restrictive transfusion strategy influenced RBC usage, haemoglobin trigger levels and adherence to prescribed trigger levels.MethodsIn this registry-based, observational study, critically ill adult patients without massive bleeding were included and divided into a pre-cohort, with admissions prior to the change of transfusion strategy, and a post-cohort, with admissions following the change of transfusion strategy. These cohorts were compared regarding key RBC transfusion-related variables.ResultsIn total 5626 admissions were included in the analyses (pre-cohort n = 4373, post-cohort n = 1253). The median volume (interquartile range, IQR) of RBC transfusions per 100 admission days, in the pre-cohort was 6120 (4110–8110) mL versus 3010 (2890–4970) mL in the post-cohort (p < .001). This corresponds to an estimated median saving of 1128 € per 100 admission days after a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy was implemented. In total, 26% of the admissions in the pre-cohort and 19% in the post-cohort (p < .001) received RBC transfusion(s) during days 0–10. Both median (IQR) prescribed trigger levels (determined by intensivist) and actual haemoglobin trigger levels (i.e., levels prior to actual administration of transfusion) were higher in the pre- versus post-cohort (90 [80–100] vs. 80 [72–90] g/L, p < .001 and 89 [82–96] g/L vs. 83 [79–94], p < .001, respectively). Percentage of days without compliance with the prescribed transfusion trigger was higher in the pre-cohort than in the post-cohort (23% vs. 14%, p < .001). Sensitivity analyses, excluding patients with traumatic brain injury, ischemic heart disease and COVID-19 demonstrated similar results.ConclusionsImplementation of a restrictive transfusion trigger in a critical care setting resulted in lasting decreased RBC transfusion use and costs, decreased prescribed and actual haemoglobin trigger levels and improved adherence to prescribed haemoglobin trigger levels.
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| 5. |
- Boldyrev, Ivan, et al.
(author)
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The Fate of Soviet Social Sciences : The Case of Isaak Il’ich Rubin
- 2013
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research within the history of economic thought has focused only little on the development of economics under dictatorship. This paper attempts to show how a country with a relatively large and internationally established community of social scientists in the 1920s, the Soviet Union, was subjected to repression. We tell this story through the case of Isaak Il’ich Rubin, a prominent Russian economist and historian of economic thought, who in the late 1920s was denounced by rival scholars and repressed by the political system. By focusing not only on his life and work, but also that of his opponents and institutional clashes, we show how the decline of a social science tradition in Russia and the USSR emerged as a process over time. We analyze the complex interplay of ideas, scholars and their institutional context, and conclude that subsequent repression was arbitrary, suggesting that no clear survival or career strategy existed in the Stalinist system due to a situation of fundamental uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the Stalinization of Soviet social sciences occurred as a process over time.
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| 6. |
- Geisen, Christof, et al.
(author)
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An HPA-1a–positive platelet–depleting agent for prevention of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia : a randomized, single-blind, placebo–controlled, single-center, phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study
- 2023
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In: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 21:4, s. 838-849
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a rare and potentially life-threatening bleeding disorder of the fetus/newborn. Antibodies against human platelet antigen 1a (HPA-1a) are associated with the most frequent FNAIT cases. There are no approved therapies for FNAIT prevention or treatment. RLYB211 is a polyclonal HPA-1a hyperimmune IgG being developed to prevent FNAIT. Objectives: To investigate whether a single dose of anti–HPA-1a (1000 IU) could markedly accelerate the elimination of HPA-1ab platelets transfused into healthy, HPA-1a–negative participants as compared with placebo. Methods: This randomized, single-blind, placebo–controlled, single-center, phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study (EudraCT: 2019-003459-12) included HPA-1a– and HLA-A2–negative healthy men. Cohort 1 received intravenous RLYB211 or placebo 1 hour after transfusion of HPA-1ab platelets. Cohort 1B received RLYB211 or placebo, followed by platelet transfusion 1 week later. Primary endpoint was the half-life of transfused platelets in circulation after administration of RLYB211 or placebo, determined by flow cytometry. Proof of concept was ≥90% reduction of half-life relative to placebo. Results: Twelve participants were allocated to cohort 1 or 1B and randomized to receive RLYB211 (n = 9) or placebo (n = 3). RLYB211 markedly accelerated the elimination of HPA-1ab platelets in all participants vs placebo. In cohort 1B, this effect was observed 7 days after RLYB211 administration. Two treatment–emergent adverse events were possibly related to treatment, both in RLYB211–treated participants. No participants developed HPA-1a antibodies at 12 or 24 weeks. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that anti–HPA-1a could be used as prophylaxis in women at risk of having an FNAIT–affected pregnancy.
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| 7. |
- Jerkeman, Mats, et al.
(author)
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MRD-driven treatment with venetoclax-R2 in mantle cell lymphoma : the Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL7 VALERIA trial
- 2024
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In: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 8:2, s. 407-415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite improvements in treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), most patients eventually relapse. In this multicenter phase 1b/2 trial, we evaluated safety and efficacy of minimal residual disease (MRD)-driven venetoclax, lenalidomide, and rituximab (venetoclax-R2) in relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL and explored the feasibility of stopping treatment in molecular remission. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) at 6 months. After dose escalation, the recommended phase 2 dose was lenalidomide 20 mg daily, days 1 to 21; venetoclax 600 mg daily after ramp-up; and rituximab 375 mg/m(2) weekly for 4 weeks, then every 8 weeks. MRD monitoring by RQ-PCR was performed every 3 months. When MRD-negativity in the blood was reached, treatment was continued for another 3 months; if MRD-negativity was then confirmed, treatment was stopped. In total, 59 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 73 years. At 6 months, the ORR was 63% (29 complete remission [CR], 8 partial remission [PR]), and 40% (4 CR, 2 PR) for patients previously failing a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 21 months, with median overall survival of 31 months. TP53 mutation was associated with inferior PFS (P < .01). Overall, 28 patients (48%) discontinued treatment in molecular remission, and 25 remain MRD negative after a median of 17.4 months. Hematological toxicity was frequent, with 52 of 59 (88%) patients with G3-4 neutropenia and 21 of 59 (36%) patients with G3-4 thrombocytopenia. To conclude, MRD-driven venetoclax-R2 is feasible and tolerable and shows efficacy in R/R MCL, also after BTK inhibitor failure.
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| 8. |
- Kragh, Martin
(author)
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A history of Scottish economic thought
- 2008
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In: Journal of Economic History. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1471-6372 .- 0022-0507. ; 68:1, s. 302-303
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Review (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
- Kragh, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Conspiracy Theories in Russian Security Thinking
- 2022
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In: Journal of Strategic Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0140-2390 .- 1743-937X. ; 45:3, s. 334-368
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on an analysis of around 500 texts from security-affiliated Russian academic journals and one newspaper over a ten-year period, this article details how conspiratorial ideas are spread, tolerated and legitimised within military institutions and official think tanks in Russia. Particular conspiracy theories systematically underpin a broader conspiratorial worldview, which in its basic orientation is anti-Western and illiberal, and which reinforces a perception of Russia as being under threat. As such, this phenomenon serves to justify and rationalise both Russian foreign policy conduct, as well as the targeted repression of various domestic groups as necessary for security reasons. We discuss whether the prevalence of conspiratorial ideas merely reflects an established worldview popular in certain circles or if it influences actual policy and outline some policy implications for the interpretation of Russian foreign policy conduct. The prevalence of conspiracy theories in renowned publications is a concern in itself since it hampers a genuine understanding of international affairs.
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| 10. |
- Kragh, Martin
(author)
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De ekonomiska idéernas historia
- 2012
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Människan har genom alla tider resonerat kring ekonomiska fenomen. Denna bok spårar framväxten av ett ekonomiskt tänkande genom historien, från dess tidigaste rötter i filosofi, juridik och teologi. Vi lär känna några av ämnets mest namnkunniga representanter – som Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus och John Maynard Keynes – men även mindre uppmärksammade tänkare som Ibn Khaldun, Henry Thornton och Joan Robinson. I en värld där resurser är begränsade uppstår alltid frågor om pengar, marknader, priser och produktion. Men förståelsen av dessa frågor har varierat över tid. Ett centralt tema i boken är därför betydelsen av idéernas historiska sammanhang. På ett tillgängligt sätt ger boken en vision av det ekonomiska tänkandets framväxt, från Kina och antiken fram till idag. Sålunda berörs äldre tänkande inom områden som islam och kristendom, men också mer moderna idéer om socialism, välfärd och spelteori. En ansats har gjorts för att täcka in alternativa skolbildningar som ekonomisk sociologi, postkeynesianism och feministisk ekonomi.
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