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| 2. |
- Hindelang, Steffen, et al.
(author)
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Shifting Paradigms in International Investment Law : More Balanced, Less Isolated, Increasingly Diversified
- 2016
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the midst of the current turbulent state of international investment lawï¿œone of ‘transition’ï¿œthe fundamental paradigms underpinning the field are increasingly giving way to new ones of a more complex, heterogeneous, or ambiguous nature. Once preoccupied with the protection of private property against political risk, with the economic interests of individual investors of paramount importance to the system, investment law is facing a profound, long-term recalibration towards a more balanced, less isolated, and increasingly diversified regime with regard to regulatory approaches. These new comprehensive approaches, informed by and embodied best in the term ‘sustainable development’, lie at the heart of this contribution and are considered working hypotheses, each to be examined by the book’s contributions. While Shifting Paradigms concedes that international investment law is now indeed occupied with a more balanced reconciliation of private and public interests and has witnessed an increase of alternative regulatory approaches concerning the protection of foreign investments, expectations concerning any prospects of a rapid incorporation of investment law into general public international law may rightly remain muted at this point. Overall, the field is in a tense state of flux, with important questions in need of apt resolution; some more controversialï¿œreforming the system of investorï¿œState dispute settlement, for oneï¿œthan others (protecting the State’s ability to regulate, for instance).
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| 4. |
- Mares, Radu, et al.
(author)
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Disruption and institutional development : Corporate standards and practices on responsible mining
- 2019
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In: Human Rights in the Extractive Industries. Transparency, Participation, Resistance. - 2509-2960. - 9783030113810 - 9783030113827 ; 3:1, s. 375-412
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter accounts for the special context of mining and discusses what “respecting” human rights means in the mining industry. The aim of the chapter is to clarify the relationship between social investments and respect for human rights in a context characterised by the disruption mining operations cause and weaker local capacities to cope with mining. Three questions are raised herein: Are social contributions part of the corporate responsibility to respect human rights under the UNGPs, and thus imperative, or are they optional, desirable, rather irrelevant or even problematic from a human rights perspective? Do industry strategies recognise institutional development as part of their social responsibility? Are there operational arrangements substantiating a shift in CSR strategy or does the shift remain largely confined to rhetoric and aspirations? The chapter examines the latest reports from five of the largest mining companies and the guidance from four organizations influential in the extractives sector. The focus is on potential shifts in industry strategy putting more emphasis on local institutional capacities and holistic solutions to facilitate good governance dynamics. Thus strategic shifts in four specific areas are analysed: water management, security provision, contributions to development, and revenue transparency. The chapter finds that institutional development is emerging as a cross-cutting dimension and thus creates opportunities for increased participation of rightholders and external actors in constructing a right-based and development-enhancing approach to mining.
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| 5. |
- You, Yuan, et al.
(author)
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Phloem Companion Cell-Specific Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Analyses Identify MRF1, a Regulator of Flowering
- 2019
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In: The Plant Cell. - Rockville : American Society of Plant Biologists. - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 31:2, s. 325-345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The phloem plays essential roles in the source-to-sink relationship and in long-distance communication, and thereby coordinates growth and development throughout the plant. Here we employed isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types coupled with low-input, high-throughput sequencing approaches to analyze the changes of the chromatin modifications H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 and their correlation with gene expression in the phloem companion cells (PCCs) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) shoots in response to changes in photoperiod. We observed a positive correlation between changes in expression and H3K4me3 levels of genes that are involved in essential PCC functions, including regulation of metabolism, circadian rhythm, development, and epigenetic modifications. By contrast, changes in H3K27me3 signal appeared to contribute little to gene expression changes. These genomic data illustrate the complex gene-regulatory networks that integrate plant developmental and physiological processes in the PCCs. Emphasizing the importance of cell-specific analyses, we identified a previously uncharacterized MORN-motif repeat protein, MORN-MOTIF REPEAT PROTEIN REGULATING FLOWERING1 (MRF1), that was strongly up-regulated in the PCCs in response to inductive photoperiod. The mrf1 mutation delayed flowering, whereas MRF1 overexpression had the opposite effect, indicating that MRF1 acts as a floral promoter.
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| 6. |
- You, Yuan, et al.
(author)
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Temporal dynamics of gene expression and histone marks at the Arabidopsis shoot meristem during flowering
- 2017
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plants can produce organs throughout their entire life from pluripotent stem cells located at their growing tip, the shoot apical meristem (SAM). At the time of flowering, the SAM of Arabidopsis thaliana switches fate and starts producing flowers instead of leaves. Correct timing of flowering in part determines reproductive success, and is therefore under environmental and endogenous control. How epigenetic regulation contributes to the floral transition has eluded analysis so far, mostly because of the poor accessibility of the SAM. Here we report the temporal dynamics of the chromatin modifications H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 and their correlation with transcriptional changes at the SAM in response to photoperiod-induced flowering. Emphasizing the importance of tissue-specific epigenomic analyses we detect enrichments of chromatin states in the SAM that were not apparent in whole seedlings. Furthermore, our results suggest that regulation of translation might be involved in adjusting meristem function during the induction of flowering.
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