| 1. |
- Braungardt, Sibylle, et al.
(author)
-
Renewable heating and cooling pathways – Towards full decarbonisation by 2050 – Final report
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- With the adoption of the EU Climate Law in 2021, the EU has set itself a binding target to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55 percent compared to 1990 levels by 2030. To support the increased ambition, the EU Commission adopted proposals for revising the key directives and regulations addressing energy efficiency, renewable energies and greenhouse gas emissions in the Fit for 55 package.The heating and cooling (H&C) sector plays a key role for reaching the EU energy and climate targets. H&C accounts for about 50 percent of the final energy consumption in the EU, and the sector is largely based on fossil fuels. In 2021, the share of renewable energies in H&C reached 23%. The decarbonisation of heating and cooling is addressed across several directives and regulations at EU level.The aim of this study is to support the analytical basis for the development and implementation of policies to ensure a seamless pathway to the full decarbonisation of the heating and cooling sector by 2050 in buildings and industry.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Fallahnejad, Mostafa, et al.
(author)
-
District heating potential in the EU-27 : Evaluating the impacts of heat demand reduction and market share growth
- 2024
-
In: Applied Energy. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 353:Part B
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a novel approach to modeling the gradual reduction in heat demand and the evolving expansion of district heating (DH) grids for assessing the DH potential in EU member states (MS). It introduces new methodological elements for modeling the impact of connection rates below 100% on heat distribution costs in both dense and sparse areas. The projected heat demand in 2050 is derived from a decarbonization scenario published by the EU, which would lead to a reduction in demand from 3128 TWh in 2020 to 1709 TWh by 2050. The proposed approach yields information on economic DH areas, DH potential, and average heat distribution costs. The results confirm the need to expand DH grids to maintain supply levels in view of decreasing heat demand. The proportion of DH potential from the total demand in the EU-27 rises from 15% in 2020 to 31% in 2050. The analysis of DH areas shows that 39% of the DH potential is in areas with heat distribution costs above 35 EUR/MWh, but most MS have average heat distribution costs between 28 and 32 EUR/MWh. The study reveals that over 40% of the EU's heat demand is in regions with high potential for implementing DH. © 2023 The Author(s)
|
|
| 5. |
- Matschoss, Kaisa, et al.
(author)
-
Energy renovations of EU multifamily buildings: do current policies target the real problems?
- 2013
-
In: Rethink, renew, restart. Proceedings of the eceee 2013 Summer Study. - 9789198048223
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) require ambitious policies for existing buildings. One important aspect of policy design is to understand the decision making of building owners and investors. Governments can support such decisions with grants, but public funds can only cover part of the investments. Hence, schemes need to be well-designed to stimulate the market and support sustainable market transformation. However, funding is not the only issue and there are other structural barriers. This is particularly the case for owner-occupied multifamily housing, where the governance and dynamics of collective decisions are major barriers to energy renovations. Our paper focuses on decision making on energy investments in owner-occupied multifamily housing (condominiums) in Europe. Condominium-type ownership is the dominant form of ownership of apartment buildings in most New Member States. It is also dominant in Southern Europe and widespread in other countries (Austria, Finland). We build on work done in the IEE project ENTRANZE (www.entranze.eu), which develops policy recommendations for increasing the number of near-zero energy renovations. Our data include a comprehensive review of the structures of decision making in nine European countries, expert interviews, and detailed analysis of the drivers and barriers of energy investments. We highlight similarities among countries, along with significant differences. These differences are further explored via 3 country studies on the legal, institutional, financial and social aspects of energy investments in condominiums. Finally, we assess the overall relevance of these barriers in selected EU Member States by combining the investigation of barriers with quantitative data on the structure of the building stock, the share of condominiums and related governance structures in different countries.
|
|
