| 1. |
- Fukao, Kyoji, et al.
(author)
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How important is geographical agglomeration to factory efficiency in Japan's manufacturing sector?
- 2014
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In: The annals of regional science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0570-1864 .- 1432-0592. ; 52:3, s. 659-696
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, the productivity spillovers from efficient factories have been investigated using factory-level data of Japan's Census of Manufactures. The following three steps have been performed by estimating: first, efficiency of each factory using a nonparametric data envelopment analysis model for each industry, second, geographical distances to the most efficient factory in the prefecture and Japan overall are third, determinants of factories' performance. Results suggest that clustering occurs in each industry and efficient factories concentrate in certain regions. The share of efficient firms in total firms is particularly high in the Chubu and Tohoku regions. For many industries closeness to the most efficient factories plays a statistically significant positive role in the efficiency of manufacturing factories in Japan. However, this is not the case in high-tech industries.
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| 2. |
- Harris, Richard, et al.
(author)
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Editorial
- 2011
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In: Spatial Economic Analysis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1742-1772 .- 1742-1780. ; 6:3, s. 243-248
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper we summarize and comment on the papers published in issue 6.3. The papers reviewed are: 'In Search of "W"' by Richard Harris, John Moffat & Victoria Kravtsova; 'Cross-national Neighbouring Effects on European Regional Specialization' by Toni Mora, Patricia Garcia-Duran & Montserrat Millet; 'Intra-national Purchasing Power Parity and Balassa- Samuelson Effects in Italy' by Andrea Vaona; 'Enterprise and Competitive Advantage in the Australian Context: A Spatial Econometric Perspective' by Paul Plummer & Michael Taylor; and 'Development of a Large-scale Single US Region CGE Model using IMPLAN Data: A Los Angeles County Example with a Productivity Shock Application' by James Andrew Giesecke.
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| 3. |
- Harris, Richard, et al.
(author)
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In Search of 'W'
- 2011
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In: Spatial Economic Analysis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1742-1772 .- 1742-1780. ; 6:3, s. 249-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper discusses the standard approaches in constructing the spatial weights matrix, W, and the implications of using such approaches in terms of the potential mis-specification of W. We then look at more recent attempts to measure W in the literature, including: Bayesian (searching for 'best fit'); non-parametric techniques; the use of spatial correlation to estimate W; other iteration techniques; and alternative approaches. Lastly, an illustration is provided based on estimating spatial lag models determining establishment level R&D spending in the UK, finding that differently constructed W matrices produce different estimates of spatial spillovers.
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| 4. |
- Kokko, Ari, et al.
(author)
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Innovative capability in MNC subsidiaries : evidence from four European transition economies
- 2008
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In: Post-Communist Economies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1463-1377 .- 1465-3958. ; 20:1, s. 57-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores the determinants of innovative capability in a sample of MNC subsidiaries operating in the European transition economies. It finds that innovative capability and autonomy in product and process technology appear to be determined by a different set of variables than capability and autonomy in marketing and management. The most independent affiliates have high innovative capability in product and process technology, but are less prominent in marketing and management technology. Affiliates that are closely integrated with their parent company exhibit the opposite pattern. These differences may have some impact on the kinds of spillovers generated by different kinds of foreign direct investment projects.
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| 5. |
- Kokko, Ari, et al.
(author)
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Innovative Capability in MNC Subsidiaries : Evidence from Four European Transition Economies
- 2006
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper explores the determinants of innovative capability in a sample of multinational company (MNC) subsidiaries in four transition economies: Estonia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia. It finds that capability in product and process technology appears to be determined by a different set of variables than capability related to marketing and management knowledge. The most independent affiliates – those that are diversified, oriented towards the local market, established through acquisitions rather than greenfield investments, and where the foreign MNCs’ only hold minority ownership – are also those that acquire the strongest innovative capability in product and process technology. For marketing and management capability, the pattern is nearly the opposite. The highest levels of capability are recorded in subsidiaries that are closely tied to the parent company, with high foreign ownership shares and substantial exports back to the parent company. These differences can be expected to have some impact on the kinds of spillovers different kinds of foreign direct investment (FDI) projects may generate.
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| 6. |
- Kokko, Ari, et al.
(author)
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Regional characteristics and effects of inward FDI : The case of Ukraine
- 2012
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In: Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies. - 2029-4581. ; 3:2(6), s. 91-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper contributes to the analysis of the impact of FDI on host countries by taking into account the regional dimension of spillover effects. Focusing on the case of Ukraine, we explore the effects of inward FDI on changes in productivity, technology, and efficiency in local firms. For the country as a whole, the results suggest that the presence of foreign-owned firms had a negative impact on productivity change in local firms during the period 1999-2003. However, there were notable differences between the effects in the western and eastern parts of the country: the overall findings were mainly driven by the development in western Ukraine, whereas inward FDI in eastern Ukraine did not seem to have any impact on local productivity growth and technical change. These results arguably reflect deep economic and institutional differences between the two parts of Ukraine, which have led to differences in the character of incoming FDI and differences in the ability of local firms to benefit from FDI. The conclusion is that the impact of FDI on the host economy may vary even at the sub-national level, depending on the specific local environment.
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| 7. |
- Kravtsova, Victoria, et al.
(author)
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Are systems of innovation in Eastern Europe efficient?
- 2012
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In: Economic Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-3625 .- 1878-5433. ; 36:1, s. 109-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper explores the determinants of productivity in the countries of Eastern Europe (EE) through the perspective of 'narrow' and 'broad' national systems of innovation (NSI). Based on panel econometrics, it examines the extent to which systems in EE could be considered '(in)efficient'. Our results suggest that the EE countries have lower levels of productivity than might be expected given their research and development (R&D), innovation and production capabilities. The inefficiencies of 'broad' NSI are compounded by the inefficiencies of 'narrow' NSI in terms of generating numbers of science and technology publications and resident patents relative to R&D employment compared to the rest of the world. Our results point to an important distinction between technology and production capability as the drivers of productivity improvements and provide some policy implications.
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| 8. |
- Kravtsova, Victoria
(author)
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Foreign presence and efficiency in transition economies
- 2008
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In: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 29:2, s. 91-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents empirical evidence on the role of foreign presence in the performance of domestic manufacturing firms in five Central and Eastern European countries. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate a frontier for each sector with similar technology common for five transition countries in the sample - Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Romania. Following Simar and Wilson (J Econom 136(1):31-64, 2007), this study applies a truncated regression and bootstrap technique in a second stage post-DEA analysis. Some evidence is found to support the hypothesis that foreign presence has an overall positive spillover effects on the performance of domestic firms.
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| 9. |
- Kravtsova, Victoria
(author)
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Go Global to Japan : Analysis of Inward FDI Distribution
- 2011
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In: Transnational Corporations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1918-6444. ; 3:4, s. 11-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For many years, Japan has attracted exceptionally low levels of Foreign Direct Investment. This study sets out to provide a better understanding of the activity of foreign affiliates in Japan, and suggests strategies Japanese policy makers may undertake to optimize the potential for positive spillover effects from Foreign Direct Investment in the future. Using firm-level data, the pattern of distribution of capital and labor of foreign affiliates operating in Japan is presented and analyzed. From 1999 to 2008, foreign affiliates have grown rapidly in numbers, paid capital and number of employees. Nevertheless, dynamics differ between foreign affiliates depending on their origin, position in relation with international trade flows, the nature of the activity they undertake and their place within the organizational structure of their parent multinational company.
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| 10. |
- Kravtsova, Victoria
(author)
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Identifying patterns of outward foreign direct investments : Some empirical evidence
- 2010
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In: Journal of Multinational Financial Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1042-444X .- 1873-1309. ; 20:1, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper uses industry level panel data of all Austrian affiliates operating abroad during the period 1992-2005 to investigate the determinants of performance, as reflected by the number of affiliates, their productivity and returns on patents and licenses. The determinants of each performance indicator are found to be different. Moreover, the determinants vary further when the full dataset is disaggregated into manufacturing and service sectors.
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