| 1. |
- Neelavannan, Kannaiyan, et al.
(author)
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Distribution and characterization of plastic debris pollution along the Poompuhar Beach, Tamil Nadu, Southern India
- 2022
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In: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study was carried out to determine the characteristics, distribution, and abundance of plastic debris in 25 sediment samples collected from the Poompuhar beach, southeast coast of India. The result reveals that the mean plastic debris abundance was 42 ± 27 particles/m2 dry weight (dw) (1 SD, n = 25) with higher concentrations in the river mouth. The dominant shapes in the study area were fragment (70.7%), followed by fiber (20.7%), and pellet-shaped (8.6%). The dominant colors of the plastic debris were: white-colored (47%) followed by blue (28%) and green (14%). The study further reveals that the dominant polymer type was polyethylene (PE, 63.4%), followed by nylon (PA, 16.9), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 15.5%), polypropylene (PP, 3.1%), and polystyrene (PS, 1.1%). In the study area, the main source of plastic debris was from land-based fishing and tourism activities, and rainwater runoff from the Cauvery River.
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| 3. |
- Sivan, Pramod, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Definitive Callose Deposition in Tapping Panel Dryness Affected Bark of Hevea brasiliensis
- 2011
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 30:4, s. 329-342
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structural and functional aspects of sieve elements in Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) affected bark of Hevea brasiliensis, with special reference to definitive callose deposition, have been studied using histochemical methods. The effect of ethephon in definitive callose deposition in TPD affected bark also has been investigated, as the ethylene is reported to have a major role in TPD. The phloem of Hevea is characterized by sieve elements with compound sieve plates. The deposition of definitive callose on the sieve areas following TPD limits the translocation of sap through sieve elements. The amount of functional phloem was narrow and the accumulation of definitive callose was more in the sieve elements of TPD affected bark compared to that of unaffected bark of the same tree and of healthy trees. The affected area showed an increment in deposition of definitive callose in both vertical and horizontal extent of sieve areas; and there was a reduction in length of sieve plate, density of sieve pores, length of inter-sieve area wall, and number of sieve element rows in the inner bark. The lateral walls of non-functional sieve elements became thick and lignified. The anatomical changes in the sieve elements of TPD affected bark suggest that the translocation of phloem sap is regulated by deposition of definitive callose and less differentiation of sieve elements from vascular cambium. The external application of ethephon on bark enhanced the definitive callose deposition on sieve elements. The findings from the study reveal that ethylene plays a major role in the senescence of sieve elements.
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