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| 2. |
- Alt Murphy, Margit, 1970, et al.
(author)
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An upper body garment with integrated sensors for people with neurological disorders – early development and evaluation
- 2019
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In: BMC Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4426. ; 1:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: To develop a novel wearable garment with integrated sensors for continuous monitoring of physiological and movement related variables to evaluate progression, tailor treatments and improve diagnosis in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and stroke. Methods: An iterative development process and evaluation of an upper body garment with integrated sensors included: identification of user needs, specification of technical and garment requirements, garment development and production as well as evaluation of garment design, functionality and usability. The project is a multidisciplinary collaboration with experts from medical, engineering, textile, and material science within the wearITmed consortium. The work was organized in regular meetings, task groups and hands-on workshops. User needs were identified using results from a mixed-methods systematic review, a focus group study and expert groups. Usability was evaluated in 19 individuals (13 controls, 6 patients with Parkinson’s disease) using semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis. Results: A prototype designed to monitor movements and heart rate was developed. The garment was well accepted by the users regarding design and comfort, although the users were cautious about the technology and suggested improvements. All electronic components passed a washability test. The most robust data was obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors while the electrodes for heart rate registration were sensitive to motion. artefacts. The algorithm development within the wearITmed consortium has shown promising results. Conclusions: The prototype was accepted by the users. Technical improvements are needed, but preliminary data indicate that the garment has potential to be used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment selection and could provide added value for monitoring seizures in epilepsy, fluctuations in PD and activity levels in stroke. Future work aims to improve the prototype further, develop algorithms, and evaluate the functionality and usability in targeted patient groups. The potential of incorporating blood pressure and heart-rate variability monitoring will also be explored.
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- Arvidsson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Physical Activity and Concordance between Objective and Perceived Walkability.
- 2012
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In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 1530-0315. ; 44, s. 280-287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE:: To investigate concordance between objective and perceived neighborhood walkability, their associations with self-reported walking and objective physical activity, and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals in neighborhoods with objectively assessed high walkability who misperceive it as low. METHODS:: In 1,925 individuals aged 20-66 years, recruited from administrative areas in the city of Stockholm, Sweden, of both high and low neighborhood walkability, objective neighborhood walkability was assessed within a 1,000m radius of each individual's residential address using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Perceived walkability was based on the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS). Walking was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and total physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by an accelerometer (ActiGraph). Sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported. RESULTS:: Objective and perceived neighborhood walkability agreed in 67.0% of the individuals, with kappa=0.34 (95% CI: 0.30-0.38). One-third of the individuals in neighborhoods with objectively assessed high walkability misperceived it as low. This non-concordance was more common among older and married/cohabiting individuals. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, high objective neighborhood walkability was associated with 35.0 (95% CI: 14.6-64.6) and 10.5 (95% CI: -5.2-28.5) more minutes/week of walking for transportation and leisure, respectively, and 2.8 (95% CI: 0.9-5.0) more minutes/day of MVPA. High perceived neighborhood walkability was associated with 41.5 (95% CI: 15.8-62.9) and 21.8 (95% CI: 2.8-40.0) more minutes/week of walking for transportation and leisure, respectively, and 1.7 (95% CI: -0.3-3.7) more minutes/day of MVPA. CONCLUSIONS:: Objective and perceived neighborhood walkability both contribute to the amount of walking and objective physical activity. Both measures of neighborhood walkability may be important factors to target in interventions aiming at increasing physical activity.
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- Bengtsson, Mariette, et al.
(author)
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Further validation of the visual analogue scale for irritable bowel syndrome after use in clinical practice
- 2013
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In: Gastroenterology Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1042-895X .- 1538-9766. ; 36:3, s. 188-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Analogue Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (VAS-IBS), a self-rating questionnaire, was designed to measure symptoms and the effect of treatment in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. The aim of this descriptive correlational study was to conduct further psychometric validation after the VAS-IBS had been used in clinical practice, translate it into English, and compare the results with controls. Forty-nine patients with irritable bowel syndrome (median age = 38 years old [range, 18-69 years]) were compared with 90 healthy persons (median age = 44 years old [range, 21-77 years]) who served as controls. The patients with irritable bowel syndrome completed 3 questionnaires: the VAS-IBS, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and the Perception of Change of Symptoms. Controls completed only the VAS-IBS. Results showed that the VAS-IBS is a valid questionnaire that measures the degree of change of symptoms and discriminates between patients who have irritable bowel syndrome from those who do not. It is important to compare the VAS-IBS among different cultural populations so we suggest that the English version of the VAS-IBS should now be used in English-speaking countries and be further tested for validity and reliability with English-speaking patients.
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| 6. |
- Calling, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Coronary heart disease in mothers and fathers of adult children with alcohol use disorders
- 2021
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In: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 116:12, s. 3390-3397
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aim: Having a family member with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) may negatively affect a person's health. Our aim was to study the long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in parents who have an offspring with AUD. Design: Cohort study with Cox regression models and co-sibling analyses. Setting: Sweden. Participants: From population registers, we selected all parent-offspring pairs in which the parent was born in Sweden between 1945 and 1965. Measurements: Baseline was set when the offspring was 15 years old and AUD was assessed from medical and criminal registers. The parents were followed for CHD during a mean follow-up of 18 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) in mothers and fathers were calculated and adjusted for potential confounders (year of birth, age at childbirth, sex of the child, parent' AUD, educational level, and marital status). Findings: In mothers, the adjusted HR for CHD was 1.24 (95% CI = 1.19–1.28) in relation to having a child with AUD. In fathers, the HR for CHD was lower than in mothers but still increased; the adjusted HR was 1.08 (95% CI = 1.05–1.12). In the co-sibling analyses, the HRs for mothers were similar to the HRs estimated from the population-based sample, but in fathers the association did not remain significant (HR = 0.98 [0.90–1.06]). Conclusions: In Sweden, there appears to be an association between having an offspring with alcohol use disorder and increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. For fathers, the association did not remain in co-sibling analyses.
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| 7. |
- Calling, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Socioeconomic status and alcohol use disorders across the lifespan : A co-relative control study
- 2019
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:10, s. 0224127-0224127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) is well known to aggregate in families and is associated with socioeconomic status (SES). The objective was to study the effect of education, income and neighborhood SES in adulthood on AUD, and to explore whether the potential associations were confounded by shared familial factors, by using a co-relative control design. METHODS: Data on AUD was drawn from the Swedish inpatient and outpatient care registers; prescription drug register; and crime data. Through national population registers we collected information on income, education and neighborhood SES at age 25, 30, 35 and 40 years in all individuals born in Sweden between 1950 and 1980. Each sex-specific stratum consisted of approximately 750,000-1,200,000 individuals, who were followed for AUD for a mean follow-up time ranging between 10 and 15 years until the end of 2013. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the risk of AUD as a function of income, education and neighborhood SES in the general population and in pairs of first cousins and full siblings within the same sex, who differed in their exposure to the SES measure. RESULTS: Higher educational level, higher income and higher neighborhood SES were all associated with a reduced risk for AUD for both males and females in all ages. The potentially protective effect remained but was attenuated when comparing pairs of first cousins and full siblings. CONCLUSIONS: High educational level and income in adulthood, as well as high neighborhood socioeconomic status, may represent protective factors against alcohol use disorders, even when shared familial factors, e.g. childhood socioeconomic status and genetic factors, have been taken into account.
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| 8. |
- Chartier, Karen G., et al.
(author)
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Triangulation of evidence on immigration and rates of alcohol use disorder in Sweden : Evidence of acculturation effects
- 2023
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In: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 47:1, s. 104-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: This study aimed to determine the robustness of the impact of immigration on risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) using different measures, designs, and immigrant regional cohorts. Methods: The analytic sample included all individuals born between 1950 and 1990 and registered in Sweden from 1973 to 2017. Using Cox regression models, we examined the risk for AUD from Swedish nationwide registries in immigrants to Sweden from seven geographical regions: Africa, Asia and Oceania, Eastern Europe, Finland, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East/North Africa, and Western countries. We assessed greater exposure to Swedish culture, which we interpreted as increasing acculturation, by (i) comparing first-generation immigrants and their children with no and one native Swedish parent and (ii) examining age at immigration. The baseline comparison group was the native Swedish population. We also examined AUD risk in first-generation sibling pairs discordant for their age at immigration. Results: In nearly all immigrant cohorts in Sweden, increasing degrees of acculturation, as assessed by both our variables, were associated with rates of AUD that approached those of the Swedish population. These findings occurred in both men and women and both regional cohorts whose first-generation immigrants had lower and higher levels of AUD than native-born Swedes. For most cohorts, the rates of change with acculturation were greater in women than in men. In sibling pairs from most regions, the sibling who was younger at immigration had a higher rate of AUD. Conclusions: An examination of both sexes and two different proxies for acculturation provides consistent support for socio-cultural influences on AUD risk. Our co-sibling analyses suggest that a meaningful proportion of this effect is likely to be causal in nature.
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| 9. |
- Colombani, A., et al.
(author)
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In vitro synthesis of (1→3)-β-D-glucan (callose) and cellulose by detergent extracts of membranes from cell suspension cultures of hybrid aspen
- 2004
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In: Cellulose. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 11:3-4, s. 313-327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this work was to optimize the conditions for in vitro synthesis of (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan (callose) and cellulose, using detergent extracts of membranes from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides) cells grown as suspension cultures. Callose was the only product synthesized when CHAPS extracts were used as a source of enzyme. The optimal reaction mixture for callose synthesis contained 100 mM Mops buffer pH 7.0, 1 mM UDP-glucose, 8 mM Ca2+, and 20 mM cellobiose. The use of digitonin to extract the membrane-bound proteins was required for cellulose synthesis. Yields as high as 50% of the total in vitro products were obtained when cells were harvested in the stationary phase of the growth curve, callose being the other product. The optimal mixture for cellulose synthesis consisted of 100 mM Mops buffer pH 7.0, 1 mM UDP-glucose, 1 mM Ca2+, 8 mM Mg2+, and 20 mM cellobiose. The in vitro beta-glucans were identified by hydrolysis of radioactive products, using specific enzymes. C-13-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were also used for callose characterization. The (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan systematically had a microfibrillar morphology, but the size and organization of the microfibrils were affected by the nature of the detergent used for enzyme extraction. The discussion of the results is included in a short review of the field that also compares the data obtained with those available in the literature. The results presented show that the hybrid aspen is a promising model for in vitro studies on callose and cellulose synthesis.
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| 10. |
- Dahlman, Disa, et al.
(author)
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Socioeconomic correlates of incident and fatal opioid overdose among Swedish people with opioid use disorder
- 2021
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In: Substance Abuse: Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-597X. ; 16:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Opioid overdose (OD) and opioid OD death are major health threats to people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Socioeconomic factors are underexplored potential determinants of opioid OD. In this study, we assessed socioeconomic and other factors and their associations with incident and fatal opioid OD, in a cohort consisting of 22,079 individuals with OUD. Methods: We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study based on Swedish national register data for the period January 2005–December 2017. We used Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the risk of incident and fatal opioid OD as a function of several individual, parental and neighborhood covariates. Results: Univariate analysis showed that several covariates were associated with incident and fatal opioid OD. In the multivariate analysis, incident opioid OD was associated with educational attainment (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.97), having received social welfare (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.22–1.39), and criminal conviction (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.42–1.65). Fatal opioid OD was also associated with criminal conviction (HR 1.93; 95% CI 1.61–2.32). Conclusion: Individuals with low education and receipt of social welfare had higher risks of incident opioid OD and individuals with criminal conviction were identified as a risk group for both incident and fatal opioid OD. Our findings should raise attention among health prevention policy makers in general, and among decision-makers within the criminal justice system and social services in particular.
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