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- Kristoffersen, Laila, et al.
(author)
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Skin-to-skin contact during eye examination did not reduce pain compared to standard care with parental support in preterm infants
- 2019
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:8, s. 1434-1440
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: We compared the pain relieving effect of skin-to-skin contact versus standard care in the incubator during screening for retinopathy of prematurity.METHODS: This randomised crossover study included 35 preterm infants of less than 32 weeks of gestational age admitted to St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, between January 2014 and June 2016. Randomisation was for skin-to-skin with one of the parents or standard care with supportive positioning by parents for the first of two consecutive eye examinations. The pain score was measured twice using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) during and after the eye examination. The infants' movement activity was video recorded after the examination.RESULTS: There was no difference in mean pain scores with skin-to-skin contact versus standard care during (10.2 vs. 10.3, p = 0.91) or after (7.0 vs. 6.8, p = 0.76) the procedure. Independent of the randomisation group, PIPP scores were lower than previous comparable studies have found. Bouts of movement activity were also the same whether the examination was conducted in skin-to-skin position or in the incubator (p = 0.91).CONCLUSION: Skin-to-skin contact during the eye examination did not provide additional pain relief compared to standard care where the parents were already a part of the multidimensional approach.
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2. |
- Tiwari, Sweta, et al.
(author)
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Lifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socioeconomic differentials in mental health and cognitive function: The Tromsø Study
- 2024
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In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 78:2, s. 88-97
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poor mental health and cognitive function. Individual-level SES and area-level SES (ASES) may affect mental health and cognitive function through lifestyle. We aimed to quantify the associations of ASES with mental health and cognitive function and examine the mediating role of lifestyle behaviours independent of individual-level SES in a Norwegian population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 7211 participants (54% women) from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-2016) (Tromsø7). The exposure variable ASES was created by aggregating individual-level SES variables (education, income, housing ownership) from Statistics Norway at the geographical subdivision level. Tromsø7 data were used as mediators (smoking, snuff, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and outcomes (cognitive function, anxiety, depression, insomnia). Mediation and mediated moderation analysis were performed with age as a moderator, stratified by sex. Results: Higher ASES was associated with better cognitive function and fewer depression and insomnia symptoms, independent of individual-level SES. These associations were mediated by smoking and physical activity. Alcohol was a mediator for depression and cognitive function in women. Age was a significant moderator of the association between ASES and global cognitive function in women. The largest total indirect effect of ASES was found for depression, with the joint effect of the mediators accounting for 36% of the total effect. Conclusions: People living in areas with lower ASES are at higher risk of poor mental health, such as depression and insomnia, and have lower cognitive function possibly due to unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, alcohol and physical inactivity).
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