| 1. |
- Lindner, Daniel L., et al.
(författare)
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Initial fungal colonizer affects mass loss and fungal community development in Picea abies logs 6 yr after inoculation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 4:6, s. 449-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Picea abies logs were inoculated with Resinicium bicolor, Fomitopsis pinicola or left un-inoculated and placed in an old-growth boreal forest. Mass loss and fungal community data were collected after 6 yr to test whether simplification of the fungal community via inoculation affects mass loss and fungal community development. Three techniques were used to survey communities: (1) observation of fruiting structures; (2) culturing on media; and (3) cloning and sequencing of ITS rDNA. Fruit body surveys detected the smallest number of species (18, 3.8 per log), DNA-based methods detected the most species (72, 31.7 per log), and culturing detected an intermediate number (23, 7.2 per log). Initial colonizer affected community development and inoculation with F. pinicola led to significantly greater mass loss. Relationships among fungal community composition, community richness and mass loss are complex and further work is needed to determine whether simplification of fungal communities affects carbon sequestration in forests.
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| 2. |
- Ottosson, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse ecological roles within fungal communities in decomposing logs of Picea abies
- 2015
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 91:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungal communities in Norway spruce (Picea abies) logs in two forests in Sweden were investigated by 454-sequence analyses and by examining the ecological roles of the detected taxa. We also investigated the relationship between fruit bodies and mycelia in wood and whether community assembly was affected by how the dead wood was formed. Fungal communities were highly variable in terms of phylogenetic composition and ecological roles: 1910 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected; 21% were identified to species level. In total, 58% of the OTUs were ascomycetes and 31% basidiomycetes. Of the 231 337 reads, 38% were ascomycetes and 60% basidiomycetes. Ecological roles were assigned to 35% of the OTUs, accounting for 62% of the reads. Wood-decaying fungi were the most common group; however, other saprotrophic, mycorrhizal, lichenized, parasitic and endophytic fungi were also common. Fungal communities in logs formed by stem breakage were different to those in logs originating from butt breakage or uprooting. DNA of specific species was detected in logs many years after the last recorded fungal fruiting. Combining taxonomic identification with knowledge of ecological roles may provide valuable insights into properties of fungal communities; however, precise ecological information about many fungal species is still lacking.
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| 3. |
- Tuovinen, Veera, et al.
(författare)
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No support for occurrence of free-living Cladonia mycobionts in dead wood
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 14, s. 130-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lichenised fungi are traditionally assumed to form obligate symbioses with algae or cyanobacteria and to be confined to the surface of their growing substratum. However, in a recent 454 pyrosequencing study of fungal communities in Picea abies logs, lichen-forming fungi were detected at a depth of more than 6 cm in dead wood, implying the existence of free-living lichen mycobionts. To determine whether this was the case, we investigated whether Cladonia spp., the most frequently encountered mycobionts, occurred in wood without their photobionts. We detected green algae in all samples with records of Cladonia spp. Hence, we found no evidence for free-living Cladonia mycobionts in wood. We suggest that the detected Cladonia DNA in these logs originates from vegetative propagules or thallus fragments dispersed into the logs by animals or water. However, the occurrence of free-living stages of other lichen-forming fungal taxa in dead wood cannot be excluded. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Hiron, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of bioenergy wood extraction for landscape-level availability of habitat for dead wood-dependent organisms
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 198, s. 33-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stumps and slash resulting from forest clearcutting is used as a source of low-net-carbon energy, but there are concerns about the consequences of biofuel extraction on biodiversity. Logging residues constitute potentially important habitats, since a large part of forest biodiversity is dependent on dead wood. Here we used snapshot field data from a managed forest landscape (25 000 ha) to predict landscape scale population changes of dead wood dependent organisms after extraction of stumps and slash after clearcutting. We did this by estimating habitat availability for all observed dead wood dependent beetles, macrofungi, and lichens (380 species) in the whole landscape. We found that 53% of species occurred in slash or stumps. For most species, population declines after moderate extraction (<= 30%) were small (<10% decline) because they mainly occur on other dead wood types. However, some species were only recorded in slash and stumps. Red listed species were affected by slash and stump extraction (12 species), but less often than other species. Beetles and fungi were more affected by stump extraction, while lichens were more affected by slash extraction. For beetles and lichens, extraction of a combination of spruce, pine and birch resulted in larger negative effects than if only extracting spruce, while for fungi tree species had little effect. We conclude that extensive extraction decreases the amount of habitat to such extent that it may have negative consequences on species persistence at the landscape level. The negative consequences can be limited by extracting only slash, or only logging residues from spruce stands. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kubart, Ariana, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal communities in Norway spruce stumps along a latitudinal gradient in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 371, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree stumps left after clear-cutting have replaced naturally formed logs as the most common type of coarse woody debris in managed boreal forests. It is therefore necessary to understand stump importance for the biodiversity of wood-inhabiting organisms, including fungi, and determine their role in hosting species of conservation interest. We analyzed wood from 485 Norway spruce (Picea abies) stumps from 41 clear-cuts at seven localities along a latitudinal gradient from northern to southern Sweden using 454-sequencing. We also collated data about the known ecology of the 86 identified macro-basidiomycetes. In total, 1355 fungal operational taxonomic units were detected, of which 19% were identified down to genus or species level. The most widespread fungi were generalists, such as Leptodontidium elatius, Resinicium bicolor, Fomitopsis pinicola, and Coniophora puteana. Five species of conservation interest were detected, but were not abundant (Kneiffiella curvispora, Metulodontia nivea, Perenniporia subacida, Postia placenta, and Climacocystis borealis). Fungal community composition changed with stump age and along the latitudinal gradient.These results will enable us to better incorporate important biodiversity and conservation issues when making decisions about using stumps as resources for biofuel. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Kubart, Ariana, et al.
(författare)
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Linking fungal communities to wood density loss after 12 years of log decay
- 2015
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in biodiversity might alter decomposition processes and, consequently, carbon and nutrient cycling. We examined fungal diversity and density loss in experimental Norway spruce logs after 12 years of decay in a hemiboreal forest. Between 28 and 50% of the original wood biomass remained, depending on the fungal community composition in the log, operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness had only a minor effect on the log biomass. Although the communities were OTU rich (190-340 OTUs per log), the majority of OTUs were infrequent or rare; wood degradation therefore depended mostly on the most abundant OTUs and their decomposing abilities. The least decayed logs were characterized by continuous dominance of an earlier colonizer and by high within-log community diversity, which was significantly related to sample variables (position in log, density and moisture). In the most decayed logs, the earlier colonizers were generally replaced by white-rot species able to exploit the highly decomposed wood. The communities were relatively spatially uniform within whole logs, independent of the sample variables, whereas among-log diversity was high. Importance of fungal community composition in decomposition processes should be taken into account when studying and modeling carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems.
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| 9. |
- Kubart, Ariana, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of fungal communities among and within decaying logs, revealed by 454 sequencing
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 21, s. 4514-4532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to previous methodological limitations, knowledge about the fine-scale distribution of fungal mycelia in decaying logs is limited. We investigated fungal communities in decaying Norway spruce logs at various spatial scales at two environmentally different locations in Sweden. On the basis of 454 pyrosequencing of the ITS2 region of rDNA, 1914 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in 353 samples. The communities differed significantly among logs, but the physical distance between logs was not found to have a significant effect on whether fungal communities had any resemblance to each other. Within a log, samples that were closer together generally had communities that showed more resemblance to each other than those that were further apart. OTUs characteristic for particular positions on the logs could be identified. In general, these OTUs did not overlap with the most abundant OTUs, and their ecological role was often unknown. Only a few OTUs were detected in the majority of logs, whereas numerous OTUs were rare and present in only one or a few logs. Wood-decaying Basidiomycetes were often represented by higher sequence reads in individual logs than Ascomycete OTUs, suggesting that Basidiomycete mycelia spread out more rapidly when established. OTU richness tended to increase with the decay stage of the sample; however, the known wood decayers were most abundant in less-decomposed samples. The fungi identified in the logs represented different ecological strategies. Our findings differ from previously published sporocarp studies, indicating that the highly abundant fruiting species may respond to environment in different ways than the rest of the fungal community.
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| 10. |
- Ranius, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The evolutionary species pool concept does not explain occurrence patterns of dead-wood-dependent organisms: implications for logging residue extraction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 191, s. 241-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emulation of natural disturbances is often regarded as a key measure to make forestry biodiversity-oriented. Consequently, extraction of logging residues is assumed to have little negative effect in comparison to extraction of dead wood mainly formed at natural disturbances. This is consistent with the evolutionary species pool hypothesis, which suggests that most species are evolutionary adapted to the naturally most abundant habitats. We tested this hypothesis for dead-wood-dependent macrofungi, lichens, and beetles in a boreal forest landscape in central Sweden, assuming that species are adapted to conditions similar to today's unmanaged forest. No occurrence patterns, for the species groups which we investigated, were consistent with the hypothesis. Overall, stumps and snags had the highest habitat quality (measured as average population density with equal weight given to each species) and fine woody debris the lowest, which was unexpected, since stumps were the rarest dead-wood type in unmanaged forest. We conclude that the evolutionary species pool concept did not explain patterns of species' occurrences, and for two reasons, the concept is not reliable as a general rule of thumb: (1) what constitute habitats harbouring different species communities can only be understood from habitat-specific studies and (2) the suitability of habitats is affected by their biophysical characteristics. Thus, emulation of natural disturbances may promote biodiversity, but empirical studies are needed for each habitat to understand how natural disturbances should be emulated. We also conclude that stump extraction for bioenergy is associated with larger risks for biodiversity than fine woody debris extraction.
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