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| 2. |
- Korpi, Martin, et al.
(author)
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The urban hierarchy and domestic migration : the interaction of internal migration, disposable income and the cost of living, Sweden 1993-2002
- 2011
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 11:6, s. 1051-1077
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines household gains and losses from migration within the Swedish urban hierarchy. The central questions focus on whether increases in disposable income outweigh the associated changes in housing costs, especially with movements up (and down) the urban hierarchy, to (and from) larger and more expensive population-growth regions. The questions are addressed using Swedish Census data for 3.5 million individuals and two fixed-effect panel models are estimated for four consecutive time-periods, 1993–2002. The results consistently show relatively higher increases in disposable income moving up the urban hierarchy. Taking changes in housing expenditure into account, this pattern is however reversed; the largest gains are made by households moving from larger to smaller labour markets, a significantly smaller share of total domestic migration. The results point to factors beyond short-term nominal income gains as important in explaining the bulk of domestic migration.
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| 3. |
- Samuelsson, Anne-Maj, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Hyperinsulinemia: effect on cardiac mass/function, angiotensin II receptor expression, and insulin signaling pathways
- 2006
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In: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. ; 291:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate the association between hyperinsulinemia and cardiac hypertrophy, we treated rats with insulin for 7 wk and assessed effects on myocardial growth, vascularization, and fibrosis in relation to the expression of angiotensin II receptors (AT-R). We also characterized insulin signaling pathways believed to promote myocyte growth and interact with proliferative responses mediated by G protein-coupled receptors, and we assessed myocardial insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and p110 alpha catalytic and p85 regulatory subunits of phospatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Akt, MEK, ERK1/2, and S6 kinase-1 (S6K1). Left ventricular (LV) geometry and performance were evaluated echocardiographically. Insulin decreased AT1a-R mRNA expression but increased protein levels and increased AT2-R mRNA and protein levels and phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser374/Tyr989), MEK1/2 (Ser218/Ser222), ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), S6K1 (Thr421/Ser424/Thr389), Akt (Thr308/Thr308), and PI3K p110 alpha but not of p85 (Tyr508). Insulin increased LV mass and relative wall thickness and reduced stroke volume and cardiac output. Histochemical examination demonstrated myocyte hypertrophy and increases in interstitial fibrosis. Metoprolol plus insulin prevented the increase in relative wall thickness, decreased fibrosis, increased LV mass, and improved function seen with insulin alone. Thus our data demonstrate that chronic hyperinsulinemia decreases AT1a-to-AT2 ratio and increases MEK-ERK1/2 and S6K1 pathway activity related to hypertrophy. These changes might be crucial for increased cardiovascular growth and fibrosis and signs of impaired LV function.
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| 5. |
- Ahs, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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High-frequency heart rate variability and cortico-striatal activity in men and women with social phobia
- 2009
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In: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 47:3, s. 815-820
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identifying brain systems that regulate or modulate autonomic nervous system functions may identify pathways through which psychosocial factors can influence health and disease. Reduced high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) characterizes anxiety disordered patients and is predictive of adverse myocardial events. Sex differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and cardiac diseases implicate the possibility of sex specific neural regulation of HF-HRV. We investigated the correlation between HF-HRV and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 28 subjects (15 women) with social phobia undergoing a stressful public speaking task. Regional CBF was measured with [(15)O] water positron emission tomography. Stress induced rCBF correlated positively with HF-HRV in the right supra genual anterior cingulate cortex Brodmann's area (BA) 32, the right head of the caudate nucleus and bilaterally in the medial prefrontal cortex (BA10), extending into the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA46) in the left hemisphere. Men showed larger positive co-variation in the caudate than women. These findings underscore the importance of the emotional division of the anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex and the striatum in cardiovagal activity. The study replicates and extends results from published functional neuroimaging studies on cardioregulatory or modulatory areas in healthy subjects to men and women with social phobia. Moreover, caudate functions, possibly related to dopaminergic neurotransmission, have sexually dimorphic effects on vagal modulation of the heart.
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| 6. |
- Bajic, Buda, et al.
(author)
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Single image super-resolution reconstruction in presence of mixed Poisson-Gaussian noise
- 2016
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In: 2016 SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING THEORY, TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS (IPTA). - : IEEE. - 9781467389105
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Single image super-resolution (SR) reconstructionaims to estimate a noise-free and blur-free high resolution imagefrom a single blurred and noisy lower resolution observation.Most existing SR reconstruction methods assume that noise in theimage is white Gaussian. Noise resulting from photon countingdevices, as commonly used in image acquisition, is, however,better modelled with a mixed Poisson-Gaussian distribution. Inthis study we propose a single image SR reconstruction methodbased on energy minimization for images degraded by mixedPoisson-Gaussian noise.We evaluate performance of the proposedmethod on synthetic images, for different levels of blur andnoise, and compare it with recent methods for non-Gaussiannoise. Analysis shows that the appropriate treatment of signaldependentnoise, provided by our proposed method, leads tosignificant improvement in reconstruction performance.
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| 8. |
- Berlin, Gösta, et al.
(author)
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Effects of age, gender and menstrual cycle on platelet function assessed by impedance aggregometry
- 2019
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In: Platelets. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0953-7104 .- 1369-1635. ; 30:4, s. 473-479
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Platelets are needed to prevent or arrest bleeding and aggregate at the site of injury upon vascular damage. Platelets express receptors for estrogens which might affect the function of the platelets and their hemostatic ability. The aim was to identify possible differences in platelet function related to age, gender, and phases of the menstrual cycle by use of impedance aggregometry with Multiplate. In the first part of the study, platelet function was assessed in 60 healthy individuals (30 men and 30 women) in each of three age groups (20-25, 40-45, and 60-65 years). In the second part of the study, the platelet function was analyzed on four occasions during the menstrual cycle in women without oral contraceptives (OCs) (n = 17) and compared to 19 women on OCs and 18 men of similar age (20-40 years). For the women on OCs, aggregation was analyzed once during the tablet-free week and once late during the period with OCs. The men were sampled once. Women of younger age (amp;lt;45 years) had significantly higher agonist-induced aggregation response than both men and post-menopausal women (60-65 years). The agonist-induced aggregation response did not differ between phases of the menstrual cycle or OC use. The results suggest that estradiol and/or progesterone affect spontaneous aggregation since it was found to be lowest in the mid-luteal phase. Spontaneous aggregation was significantly lower in women on OCs than in both men and women without OCs. Our findings indicate that fertile age is associated with higher aggregation response capacity of the platelets, possibly to prevent excessive bleeding during menstruation, but this response capacity is not altered during the menstrual cycle or by use of OCs.
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