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- Lång, P, et al.
(author)
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Expression and secretion of the novel adipokine tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from adipose tissues of obese and lean women
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 35:12, s. 1502-1510
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expressed by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) induces mice obesity and human adipocyte differentiation in vitro. This study aimed to investigate whether TRAP was secreted differently from human obese versus lean adipose tissues and to identify the cellular source of adipose tissue TRAP.Design: Subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained from healthy subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for total (5a+5b) and cleaved TRAP (5b) were used. TRAP secretion was determined in adipose tissue biopsies, and mRNA expression was studied in cell types isolated from the same.Subjects: Results of 24 lean and 24 obese women (in vitro) and 8 subjects (in vivo) were compared. The main outcome measurements were TRAP expression and secretion in vitro and in vivo.Results: In-house total TRAP ELISA showed high sensitivity and a coefficient of variance of 11%. Adipose secretion of total TRAP was linear in vitro with time and was evident in vivo. Total TRAP secretion in vitro was similar in lean and obese women expressed per unit weight of the adipose tissue but correlated positively with the number/size of adipocytes (P≤0.01) and with adipose secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (P<0.01). TRAP 5b was not secreted from the adipose tissue. ATMs displayed highest cellular expression of TRAP mRNA in adipose tissue cells derived from lean or obese women.Conclusions: TRAP is a novel human adipokine produced by macrophages and secreted from the subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro. Secretion is linked to the size and number of adipocytes, as well as to concomitant secretion of inflammatory mediators, suggesting that TRAP is involved in fat accumulation and adipose inflammation. International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 8 March 2011; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.17.
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- Delbro, Dick, et al.
(author)
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Induction and cellular expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase during dextran sodium sulphate induced colitis in rats
- 2009
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In: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 132:6, s. 599-612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate thecellular and molecular expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) as a marker of activated macrophages in macrophage dependent dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. In normal colon, TRAP+/CX3CR1+ macrophages were located in the upper part of the lamina propria. In the early stage (day 13) of acute colitis prior tohistopathological changes, induction of the cytokinesTNF, IL-12 and IFNgamma occurred concomitant withincreased mRNA and enzyme activity of TRAP along witha slight increase of TRAP immunolabelling in macrophages of the upper lamina propria, suggesting induction of TRAP in resident macrophages. Among these cytokines,TNFalpha up-regulated TRAP expression in the RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cell line. In a later phase (day 7) with fulminant colitis, a massive infiltration of macrophages including recruited TRAP+/CCR2+ cells was observed also in the lower part of the lamina propria as well as in the submuscular layer. Additionally, diVerentiated cellularexpression of pro- and mature TRAP also suggest thatmucosal macrophages in the lower part of lamina propriabordering the sub-mucosa provide a source of replenishment of macrophages situated in the upper lamina propria.In conclusion, induction of TRAP provides an early sign of macrophage responsiveness in DSS induced colitis
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- Houssami, Nehmat, et al.
(author)
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Interval breast cancer rates for digital breast tomosynthesis versus digital mammography population screening : An individual participant data meta-analysis
- 2021
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In: EClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-5370. ; 34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) improves breast cancer (BC) detection compared to mammography, however, it is unknown whether this reduces interval cancer rate (ICR) at follow-up. Methods: Using individual participant data (IPD) from DBT screening studies (identified via periodic literature searches July 2016 to November 2019) we performed an IPD meta-analysis. We estimated ICR for DBT-screened participants and the difference in pooled ICR for DBT and mammography-only screening, and compared interval BC characteristics. Two-stage meta-analysis (study-specific estimation, pooled synthesis) of ICR included random-effects, adjusting for study and age, and was estimated in age and density subgroups. Comparative screening sensitivity was calculated using screen-detected and interval BC data. Findings: Four prospective DBT studies, from European population-based programs, contributed IPD for 66,451 DBT-screened participants: age-adjusted pooled ICR was 13.17/10,000 (95%CI: 8.25–21.02). Pooled ICR was higher in the high-density (21.08/10,000; 95%CI: 6.71–66.27) than the low-density (8.63/10,000; 95%CI: 5.25–14.192) groups (P = 0.03) however estimates did not differ across age-groups (P = 0.32). Based on two studies that also provided data for 153,800 mammography screens (age-adjusted ICR 17.69/10,000; 95%CI: 13.22–23.66), DBT's pooled ICR was 16.83/10,000 (95%CI: 11.89–23.82). Comparative meta-analysis showed a non-significant difference in ICR (-0.44/10,000; 95%CI: -11.00–10.11) and non-significant difference in screening sensitivity (6.79%; 95%CI: -0.73–14.87%) between DBT and DM but a significant pooled difference in cancer detection rate of 33.49/10,000 (95%CI: 23.88–43.10). Distribution of interval BC prognostic characteristics did not differ between screening modalities except that those occurring in DBT-screened participants were significantly more likely to be negative for axillary-node metastases (P = 0.005). Interpretation: Although heterogeneity in ICR estimates and few datasets limit recommendations, there was no difference between DBT and mammography in pooled ICR despite DBT increasing cancer detection.
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| 7. |
- Laukkanen, P., et al.
(author)
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Core-level shifts of the c(8 x 2)-reconstructed InAs(100) and InSb(100) surfaces
- 2010
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In: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 177:1, s. 52-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have studied In-stabilized c(8 2)-reconstructed InAs(1 0 0) and InSb(1 0 0) semiconductor surfaces, which play a key role in growing improved III-V interfaces for electronics devices, by core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. The calculated surface core-level shifts (SCLSs) for the zeta and zeta a models, which have been previously established to describe the atomic structures of the III-V(1 00)c(8 x 2) surfaces, yield hitherto not reported interpretation for the As 3d, In 4d, and Sb 4d core-level spectra of the III-V(1 00)c(8 x 2) surfaces, concerning the number and origins of SCLSs. The fitting analysis of the measured spectra with the calculated zeta and zeta a SCLS values shows that the InSb spectra are reproduced by the zeta SCLSs better than by the zeta a SCLSs. Interestingly, the zeta a fits agree better with the InAs spectra than the zeta fits do, indicating that the zeta a model describes the InAs surface better than the InSb surface. These results are in agreement with previous X-ray diffraction data. Furthermore, an introduction of the complete-screening model, which includes both the initial and final state effects, does not improve the fitting of the InSb spectra, proposing the suitability of the initial-state model for the SCLSs of the III-V(1 0 0)c(8 x 2) surfaces. The found SCLSs are discussed with the ab initio on-site charges.
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| 8. |
- Laukkanen, P., et al.
(author)
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Ultrathin (1x2)-Sn layer on GaAs(100) and InAs(100) substrates : A catalyst for removal of amorphous surface oxides
- 2011
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 98:23, s. 231908-1-231908-3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amorphous surface oxides of III-V semiconductors are harmful in many contexts of device development. Using low-energy electron diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy, we demonstrate that surface oxides formed at Sn-capped GaAs(100) and InAs(100) surfaces in air are effectively removed by heating. This Sn-mediated oxide desorption procedure results in the initial well-defined Sn-stabilized (1x2) surface even for samples exposed to air for a prolonged time. Based on ab initio calculations we propose that the phenomenon is due to indirect and direct effects of Sn. The Sn-induced surface composition weakens oxygen adsorption.
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| 9. |
- Libesman, Sol, et al.
(author)
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An individual participant data meta-analysis of breast cancer detection and recall rates for digital breast tomosynthesis versus digital mammography population screening
- 2022
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In: Clinical Breast Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-8209. ; 22:5, s. 647-654
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Although digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) improves breast cancer screen-detection compared to digital mammography (DM), there is less evidence on comparative screening outcomes by age and breast density, and inconsistent evidence on its effect on recall rate. Method: We performed an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis from DBT screening studies (identified to November, 30 2019) that contributed to the study protocol. We estimated and compared cancer detection rate (CDR), recall rate, and positive predictive value (PPV) for recall for DBT and DM screening. Two-stage random-effects meta-analyses of detection outcomes adjusted for study and age, and were estimated in age and density subgroups. Screen-detected cancer characteristics were summarized descriptively within studies and screening-groups. Results: Four prospective studies, from European population-based programs, contributed IPD for 66,451 DBT-screened participants and 170,764 DM-screened participants. Age-adjusted pooled CDR difference between DBT and DM was 25.49 of 10,000 (95% CI:6.73-44.25). There was suggestive evidence of a higher CDR for DBT compared to DM in the high-density (35.19 of 10,000; 95% CI:17.82-56.56) compared to low-density (17.4 of 10,000; 95% CI:7.62-27.18) group (P =.08). Pooled CDR difference between DBT and DM did not differ across age-groups (P =.71). Age-adjusted recall rate difference was 0.18% (95% CI:-0.80–1.17), indicating no difference between DBT and DM- this finding did not differ across age-groups (P =.96). Recall PPV was higher for DBT than DM with an estimated rate ratio of 1.31 (95% CI:1.07-1.61). Discussion: DBT improved CDR compared to DM in all age and density groups. DBT also had higher recall PPV than DM, although further research is needed to explore the heterogeneity in recall rates across studies.
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