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| 2. |
- Fridner, Ann, et al.
(author)
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Possible reasons why female physicians publish fewer scientific articles than male physicians : A cross-sectional study
- 2015
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In: BMC Medical Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6920. ; 15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The proportion of women in medicine is approaching that of men, but female physicians are still in the minority as regards positions of power. Female physicians are struggling to reach the highest positions in academic medicine. One reason for the disparities between the genders in academic medicine is the fact that female physicians, in comparison to their male colleagues, have a lower rate of scientific publishing, which is an important factor affecting promotion in academic medicine. Clinical physicians work in a stressful environment, and the extent to which they can control their work conditions varies. The aim of this paper was to examine potential impeding and supportive work factors affecting the frequency with which clinical physicians publish scientific papers on academic medicine.Methods: Cross-sectional multivariate analysis was performed among 198 female and 305 male Swedish MD/PhD graduates. The main outcome variable was the number of published scientific articles.Results: Male physicians published significantly more articles than female physicians p <. 001. In respective multivariate models for female and male physicians, age and academic positions were significantly related to a higher number of published articles, as was collaborating with a former PhD advisor for both female physicians (OR = 2.97; 95% CI 1.22–7.20) and male physicians (OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.08–4.10). Control at work was significantly associated with a higher number of published articles for male physicians only (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.08–2.09). Exhaustion had a significant negative impact on number of published articles among female physicians (OR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.12–0.70) whilst the publishing rate among male physicians was not affected by exhaustion.Conclusions: Women physicians represent an expanding sector of the physician work force; it is essential that they are represented in future fields of research, and in academic publications. This is necessary from a gender perspective, and to ensure that physicians are among the research staff in biomedical research in the future.
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| 3. |
- Løvseth, Lise Tevik, et al.
(author)
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Age and Gender Differences in Authorship among University Hospital Physicians in Sweden, Norway and Italy (The HOUPE Study)
- 2014
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In: British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. - 2231-0614. ; 4:27, s. 4582-4590
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: For decades there has been a prominent gender gap in the number publications among physicians in academic medicine. Increased recruitment of women into medicine and a new generation work force that emphasize work-life balance can contribute to narrow this gap. Aims: The present study investigates whether younger hospital physicians may display less gender differences in authorship of scientific publications compared to those older of age. Methodology: Baseline cross-sectional survey data among senior consultants (N=1379) working at public university hospitals in three European countries, participating in the HOUPE study (Health and Organization among University hospital Physicians in Europe). Analysis: Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis with probit link function. Results: There were differences in number of publications based on country where Italy and Sweden reported a significantly higher number of first- or last authorship compared to Norway (Χ2=30.6, P<.001). Logistic regression analysis confirmed gender differences in number of publications and first-and last authorships (P<.001) across all age categories. The rate of increase in number of publications is higher for men than for women physicians. Conclusion: These findings confirm that scientific production is still more relevant to discuss in terms of gender than generation. It is important to look at factors that are essential to career choice and faculty retention in women in particular but also among women and men in the new generation of physicians.
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| 4. |
- Løvseth, Lise Tevik, et al.
(author)
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Associations between Confidentiality Requirements, Support Seeking and Burnout among University Hospital Physicians in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Italy (the HOUPE study)
- 2013
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In: Stress and Health. - : Wiley. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 29:5, s. 432-437
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concerns about protecting patient's privacy are experienced as a limitation in the opportunity to obtain and utilize social support by many physicians. As resources of social support can modify the process of burnout, patient confidentiality may increase risk of this syndrome by interfering with proper stress adaptation. This study investigates if experiencing limitations in seeking social support due to confidentiality concerns are associated with burnout. University hospital physicians in four European countries completed measures of burnout, (Index) of Confidentiality as a Barrier for Support (ICBS), and factors of social resources and job demands. Linear regression analysis showed that ICBS was significantly associated with the burnout dimension of Exhaustion and not with Disengagement. These findings were present when controlling for factors known to diminish or increase the likelihood of burnout. These results are the first to demonstrate that patient confidentiality is associated with burnout in the process of stress management among physicians.
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| 5. |
- Løvseth, Lise Tevik, et al.
(author)
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Associations between confidentiality requirements, support seeking and health : Research among university hospital physicians in Europe - The HOUPE study
- 2013
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In: - Oslo : Legeforskningsinstituttet, den norske legeforening.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As resources of social support can modify the process of stress, patient confidentiality may increase risk of health problems among doctors by interfering with proper stress adaptation by seeking support, termed as the subjective burden of confidentiality. The study investigated the prevalence of subjective burden of confidentiality, and whether this are associated with mental health and burnout among physicians.We used data of 2078 university hospital physicians from Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Italy that participated in phase I of the HOUPE study (Health and Organization among University hospital Physicians in Europe). The participants completed measures of mental health (GHQ-12), burnout (Molbi), (Index) of Confidentiality as a Barrier for Support (ICBS) and factors of social resources and job demands.Concerns about protecting patient’s privacy were experienced as a limitation in the opportunity to obtain and utilize social support by many physicians. Regression analysis showed that ICBS was significantly associated with mental health and the burnout dimension of Exhaustion and not with Disengagement. These findings were present when controlling for factors known to diminish or increase the likelihood of and mental health problems and burnout. These results are the first to demonstrate that patient confidentiality is a relevant factor in support seeking and associated with health in the process of stress management among European physicians.
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| 6. |
- Løvseth, Lise Tevik, et al.
(author)
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Confidentiality as a barrier to support seeking among physicians : The influence of psychosocial work factors in four European hospitals (The HOUPE study)
- 2014
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In: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 49:1, s. 113-121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Concerns about protecting patient's privacy can interfere with proper stress adaptation which isassociated with physician's health. It is important to investigate relevant organizational confounders to this phenomenon to enable interventions that can ameliorate the subjective burden of patient confidentiality. Objectives: This study investigatesfactors in the psychosocial work environment that can explain patient confidentiality's prominence in social support seeking among physicians, and if these factors covary differently with support seeking according to country. Participants: University hospital physicians in four European cities (N=2095) in Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Italy participated in a cross-sectional survey. Methods: Questionnaire comprised items on psychosocial work environment, basic socio-demographics, presence of formal and informal meetings at work, and measurement of confidentiality as a barrier for support. Resultats: High role conflict, availability of formal or informal meetings, lack of control over decisions, and lack of control over work pace were predictors of confidentiality as a barrier to support. There were differences between countries in how these factors covaried with confidentiality as a barrier to support. High role conflict was the strongest predictor of confidentiality as a barrier to support across all samples. Conclusions: Psychosocial work factors predicted confidentiality as a barrier to support seeking among physicians. It is important to create routines and an organizational framework that ensures both the patient's right to privacy and physician's ability to cope with emotional demanding situations from work.
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| 7. |
- Løvseth, Lise Tevik, et al.
(author)
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The HOUPE Study Phase I (2002-11) and II (2012-18) : Health and Organization among University Hospital Physicians in Europe
- 2014
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In: Book of Proceedings, 11th European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology Conference. - Nottingham, UK : European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. - 9780992878603 - 9780992878610 ; , s. 303-304
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Medical academics are trained as medical practitioners’ and scientists. Their high workload combined with concern for patients and colleagues, and responsibilities associated to family- and social life can compromise sufficient self-care, restitution and rest. Exposure to high, and often, conflicting demands can compromise physicians work satisfaction, health and wellbeing. Growing evidence points to major negative consequences of physician’s ill-health to healthcare systems by affecting recruitment and retention of physicians, workplace productivity and efficiency, and quality of patient care and patient safety in terms of medical errors, recovery and treatment adherence. No sufficiently powered, comprehensive international study that include different levels of organizational data, have by now documented.Aim: A sufficiently powered international longitudinal study with different type of organizational data on determinants in the organization, work environment, management and organizational culture to investigate the prevalence, interaction, manifestation or the effect of strain among physicians in academic medicine as a basis for both scientific knowledge and organizational interventions.Method: Longitudinal data by 1) Document analysis of national framework and policy, 2) Hospital statistics of their work force, 3) in-depth interviews and prospective survey data from 4) N = 3 500 physicians from HOUPE phase I and 5) N = 6 500 physicians of HOUPE phase II in all partner countries. The survey data was collected in 2005 with repeated measure of survey data in 2012.Participants: All physicians permanently employed at each University Hospital at the time of data collection. Phase I: The participants were university hospital physicians in Sweden (N= 2 300), Norway (N= 800) Iceland (N= 400) and Italy (N= 900). Phase II included all four countries of phase I in addition to university hospital physicians from Hungary (N= 800), the Netherlands (N= 800) and Austria (N= 500).The questionnaire comprised 110 items altogether with the following measurements: 1) Physician Career Path Questionnaire (PCPQ), 2) The General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic) , 3)Patient confidentiality and personal support (CBS) , 4) Mini Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (MOLBI) 5)General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) , 6) Work-Family conflict and 7) Gender and Ethnicity analyses.Results: Results have contributed to empirical knowledge into the processes and mechanisms that affects physicians’ career, work conditions, satisfaction and health. Information about the character of work conditions and career choices of physicians have provided basis for organizational interventions to make each university hospitals more resource efficient and innovative by professional and organizational culture, conditions of employment and work, and health services provided.
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| 8. |
- Robstad Andersen, Gunn, et al.
(author)
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Harassment among university hospital physicians in four European cities : results from a cross-sectional study in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Italy [the HOUPE study]
- 2010
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In: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 37:1, s. 99-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The objective of this cross-national study was to identify work-related factors related to the prevalence of harassment, and identify potential similarities and differences in harassment levels and appointed perpetrators within the same professional group across four European cities. Participants: 2078 physicians working in university hospitals in Trondheim, Stockholm, Reykjavik, and Padova participated in the study. Methods: Questionnaire comprised items on direct and indirect experience of workplace harassment, appointed perpetrators, psychosocial work environment and basic socio-demographics. Results: Harassment was found to be a relatively frequent work environment problem among physicians in all four European cities, with particular high levels in Padova. Role conflict, human resource primacy, empowerment leadership, and control over work pace were all found to be significantly related to workplace harassment. Conclusions: Differences in harassment prevalence and perpetrators indicated a cultural difference between the Italian and the Nordic hospitals. Harassment followed the line of command in Padova in contrast to being a horizontal phenomenon in the Scandinavian hospitals. This may be explained by national differences in organizational systems and traditions. In order to decrease harassment level and create a positive and productive work environment, each organization must employ different strategies in accordance with their harassment patterns.
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| 9. |
- Steen Rostad, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
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Paid Sick Leave as a Means to Reduce Sickness Presenteeism Among Physicians
- 2017
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In: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2245-0157. ; 7:2, s. 71-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recurrent international data show that physicians often attend work while ill, termed sickness presenteeism. The current study investigated if sickness presenteeism scores among European physicians varied according to national paid sick leave legislation. We hypothesized that prevalence of presenteeism was higher in countries with lower levels of paid sick leave. We used repeated cross-sectional survey data, phase I (2004/2005, N = 1326) and phase II (2012/2013, N = 1403), among senior consultants at university hospitals in Sweden, Norway, and Italy. Analyses of variances assessed cross-country differences in presenteeism. To assess the impact of country on presenteeism, we used multiple regression analyses controlled for sex, age, family status, work hours, and work content. The results from phase I supported the initial hypothesis. At phase II, presenteeism scores had decreased among the Italian and Swedish sample. The results are discussed with regard to changes in legislation on workhours and medical liability in Italy and Sweden between phase I and II.
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