| 1. |
- Asai, Ryoko, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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The revival of natural and cultural identity through social media
- 2011
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In: The computational turn. - Münster : MV-Wissenschaft. - 9783869913551 ; , s. 329-331
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social media has played an important role as hub for information in political change. It can contribute to the development och psychological and social preconditions for dialog and democracy.
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| 2. |
- Deneke, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Using rapid prototyping to explore design implications for a pill-dispensing social agent
- 2017
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In: Proc. 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450351133 ; , s. 53-59
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The process of managing one's daily intake of medication has been shown to be error-prone for a variety of reasons. In this paper, we explore, through a rapid prototyping approach, the design implications for a social robotic agent intended for dispensing medicine. The process started with initial interviews with medical experts to allow for a better understanding of the design space. Their input helped us realise a low-fidelity, animal-like, robotic prototype for pill-dispensing. We report initial impressions of the prototype from four pharmacists. Based on those findings, we present design implications categorised into: look and feel, social role, desired task, and the agent's presence in a home environment.
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| 3. |
- Fors, Per, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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An Intuition-Based Approach to Sustainable ICT : Insights from Eco-Ethica
- 2019
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In: Tetsugaku Companion to Japanese Ethics and Technology. - : Springer. - 9783319590257 - 9783319590271 ; , s. 181-200
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter we draw on the Japanese philosopher Tomonobu Imamichi in order to further develop our understanding of the relationship between Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and ecological sustainability. Our main contribution is an intuition-based approach to design for sustainability, which, for instance, means to design ICT products in a way that invokes feelings of wastefulness or misuse if used in an unsustainable manner. In contrast to persuasive approaches – which have mainly focused on raising awareness, nudging decisions, or stimulating positive behavior through gamification – we rely on the human tendency to unconsciously and effortlessly formulate mental heuristics or intuitions, when exposed to consistent feedback. The claim is that people can learn to associate perceptual cues with environmental impact, and by that will be empowered to make more sustainable choices. Based on the implications of Imamichi’s Eco-ethica, we suggest that this approach can be more fruitful for encouraging sustainable choices than both awareness raising and behavior manipulation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hirsch, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Investigating design implications towards a social robot as a memory trainer
- 2017
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In: Proc. 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450351133 ; , s. 5-10
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most currently existing tools for cognitive memory therapy require physical interaction or at least the presence of another person. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether a social robot might be an acceptable solution for a more inclusive therapy for people with memory disorder and severe physical limitations. Applying a user-centered design approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with five healthcare professionals; four medical doctors and a psychologist, in three iterations followed by a focus group activity. An analysis of the collected data suggests several implications for design with an emphasis on embodiment, social skills, interaction, and memory training exercises.
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| 6. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Computer aided ethical IT systems design
- 2010
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In: ETHICOMP 2010. - Tarragona, Spain : Universitat Rovira i Virgili. - 9788469306116 ; , s. 332-340
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose with EthXpert is to help an analyst or decision maker to understand how different design solutions affect the interests of each involved stakeholder. To support this understanding, the analysis is made explicit by iterating a procedure comprising three main steps. The first step is to create an overview by drawing a stakeholder network, i.e. a map over the relations between all stakeholders. Second the impact of each stakeholder’s interests on other stakeholders are analyzed and noted. Finally the considerations for each interest are used as foundation for making assumptions about how the stakeholders are affected by different design solutions. Not only does this process help people to scrutinize, structure and get overview of an ethical problem. The resulting document can also be used as vindication of the choices that are made. Various ethical support systems have targeted the concern of identifying relevant information in different ways. EthXpert has been applied on the design of different IT systems with very positive results. With help from EthXpert the test groups were able to extend previous analyses through identifying additional stakeholders and interests. The procedure also gave insight in how the interests of different stakeholders were interrelated. Some of the test groups especially appreciated the collaboration feature of EthXpert. An ethical analysis often brings up many big and small issues to consider and it is therefore efficient if a group can cooperate in solving the problems. Thus the tool also works as a means to gather several perspectives on a problem. Through the explicit process, the designer acquires both a better overview of the complexity of a problem and a conception of how the involved stakeholders affect and are affected by different solutions. Almost all of the test subjects were of the opinion that the systematic procedure of EthXpert is purposeful for acquiring higher ethical problem-solving and decision-making skills by offering a holistic overview over ethical aspects in the design of IT systems. Although critical remarks about the usability of the interface, many also became aware of shortages in a prior analysis made without the tool. This indicates that a computerized tool that guides the investigation of stakeholders’ interests, and supports structuring and overview over information, is helpful for designing more ethical IT systems.
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| 7. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Computer supported ethical decision making
- 2009
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In: 23rd European Conference on Operational Research. - Bonn. ; , s. 193-193
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we will present in detail the structure and work process of EthXpert - a computer system for supporting ethical decision making. Through examples, we will show how the tool can be used to reach a better-structured and more holistic overview of moral problems. Based on case studies with students, we will also discuss the level of experience in handling ethical problems that is required to make proper use of the system in real-life decision-making. Finally we will suggest how the resulting documentation of ethical implications can serve as justifcation for decision-making.
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| 8. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, et al.
(author)
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Computerized support of personal and group skills for sustainability
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we present a collaborative tool to facilitate and structure dialogue about concrete issues in sustainability, We have experienced that the tool is remarkably powerful in stimulating the inquiry in complex issues by constantly forcing the user to shift focus between the particular and the holistic. The design of the tool is theoretically founded in philosophy and knowledge about the psychological mechanisms, like cognitive biases, that are involved in decision making. It is based on the assumption that people are not making judgments in isolation, but rather in social settings. Problems that involve many people, a trait that questions of sustainability share with ethics, can only be solved by answering questions about how these are affecting the problem situation and how these are affected by any proposed solution. The main advantage with such a tool is that it supplies a shared platform in which an analysis can evolve organically, even in collaboration with competing parties. Policy makers can get help to understand how arguments have been applied in concrete situations and how people and values can be affected by different courses of action. The structure of the tool invites to a proactive, concrete, solution-oriented dialogue where premises are made explicit and thus possible to address.
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| 9. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Ethical usability of IT systems : How to consider relevant factors and how to find solutions
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of the Fifth Asia-Pacific Computing and Philosophy Conference. - Tokyo : Tokyo University.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IT dominates and permeates every aspect of our life. Therefore it is of outmost significance to work well and satisfy our important values. Decision makers, developers, users and purchasers need high ethical competence and confidence in working with ethical issues during IT systems development. Our approach, based on classical philosophy and psychological research focuses on ethical competence and skills. Suitable tools and working methods that support decision makers of handling ethical usability issues is the aim of our research. EthXpert, one of our tools, supports the adoption of a holistic approach, of critical reasoning and of systematic analysis of the ethical aspects during concrete IT systems development. In an evaluation study of EthXpert users were able to identify significant ethical aspects and to integrate those into the design of the IT systems they were investigating.
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| 10. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Etik och medicinteknik
- 2015
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In: Medicinteknikdagarna 2015. - Uppsala : Svensk Förening för Medicinsk Teknik och Fysik (MTF), Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala universitet. ; , s. 94-94
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- De nya metoder för att diagnostisera och behandla sjukdomar och de nya möjligheter som den medicinska teknologin och då inte minst informationsteknologin erbjuder, ställer beslutsfattarna inom vården inför nya typer av etiska beslutssituationer. Förbättrade metoder för diagnosticering ger information som inte alltid har önskvärda konsekvenser, exempelvis abort av barn av oönskat kön. De nya möjligheterna att behandla sjukdomstillstånd som tidigare uppfattats som hopplösa innebär allvarliga och svåra val då liv kan komma att vägas mot samhällskostnad. Ny medicinteknik kan kräva snabbt beslutsfattande där eftertanke inte hinns med vilket ställer frågan om teknikleverantörens ansvar på sin spets. Den nya internetsjukvården, dvs. de nya möjligheter till medicinsk konsultation och information som skapats genom Internet ger upphov till nya relationer mellan vårdgivare och patient och aktualiserar därmed också frågor om ansvar och etik.Tekniken ger oss nya möjligheter för diagnos och terapi men även för organiseringen av vården, t ex patientjournaler och distansvård, men tekniken innebär också risker i form av feldiagnoser, skador i vården, intrång på patientintegritet, etc. Dialysolyckan i Linköping och konflikten om elektroniska patientjournaler är talande exempel. Det är viktigt att medicinteknik fungerar så som det är tänkt och att vårdpersonal, patienter och allmänhet litar på och accepterar tekniken. Annars kan vi inte dra nytta av det tekniken har att erbjuda.Det är också viktigt att vårdpersonal och alla användare av medicinteknik förstår hur den fungerar och vilka effekter den kan ha, och att de har kompetensen att hantera problem som kan uppstå vid användning, även icke tekniska sådana. Etiken är därför en mycket viktig aspekt i medicinteknikutvecklingen. Det är nödvändigt att integrera etiska bedömningar i utformningen av medicinsk teknik och förbereda vårdpersonal, patienter och alla berörda för en etisk användning.Om etiken är viktig för medicinsk teknik blir den intressanta frågan hur ska vi lyckas integrera etiken i forskning, utveckling, design, och användning av medicinteknik. Det vanligaste angreppsättet är att försöka anpassa tekniken till viktiga moraliska principer och regler. Om det fungerar är detta det snabbaste och enklaste sättet att bygga etisk medicinteknik. Det finns dock flera frågor med detta angreppsätt, t ex vilken princip som ska gälla och vilken tolkning som ska tillämpas i designen av medicinteknik. Det kan också upplevas som att etiken fungerar enbart begränsande i utvecklingsarbetet.Vi föreslår ett angreppsätt baserat på klassisk etikfilosofi. Vi skiftar fokus från det normativa innehållet till utvecklings- och användningsprocessen. Det viktiga blir att fokusera på hur vi skapar den kunskap vi behöver och hur ansvar kan fördelas när vi designar etisk medicinsk teknik. Detta öppnar upp för skapande av olika metoder och verktyg samt stöd för användares etiska kompetensutveckling.
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