| 1. |
- Arnott, Shelley E., et al.
(author)
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Widespread variation in salt tolerance within freshwater zooplankton species reduces the predictability of community-level salt tolerance
- 2023
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In: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 8:1, s. 8-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The salinization of freshwaters is a global threat to aquatic biodiversity. We quantified variation in chloride (Cl-) tolerance of 19 freshwater zooplankton species in four countries to answer three questions: (1) How much variation in Cl- tolerance is present among populations? (2) What factors predict intraspecific variation in Cl- tolerance? (3) Must we account for intraspecific variation to accurately predict community Cl- tolerance? We conducted field mesocosm experiments at 16 sites and compiled acute LC(50)s from published laboratory studies. We found high variation in LC(50)s for Cl- tolerance in multiple species, which, in the experiment, was only explained by zooplankton community composition. Variation in species-LC50 was high enough that at 45% of lakes, community response was not predictable based on species tolerances measured at other sites. This suggests that water quality guidelines should be based on multiple populations and communities to account for large intraspecific variation in Cl- tolerance.
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| 2. |
- Bolmgren, Kjell, et al.
(author)
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Vårtecken i samhällets tjänst.
- 2010
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In: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. ; 104, s. 45-51
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Dahl, Åslög, 1955, et al.
(author)
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Phenology in Sweden.
- 2008
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In: NEKOVÁŘ, J., E. KOCH, E. KUBIN, P. NEJEDLIK, T. H. SPARKS, F.E. WIELGOLASKI, (eds) The history and current status of plant phenology in Enurope. COST Action 725: Establishing a European Data Platform for Climatological Observations – WG 1 Result Book.. - : Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy. - 9789514020919
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Integrated carbon analysis of forest management practices and wood substitution
- 2007
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In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 37:3, s. 671-681
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The complex fluxes between standing and harvested carbon stocks, and the linkage between harvested biomassand fossil fuel substitution, call for a holistic, system-wide analysis in a life-cycle perspective to evaluate the impacts offorest management and forest product use on carbon balances. We have analysed the net carbon emission under alternativeforest management strategies and product uses, considering the carbon fluxes and stocks associated with tree biomass,soils, and forest products. Simulations were made using three Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest managementregimes (traditional, intensive management, and intensive fertilization), three slash management practices (no removal, removal,and removal with stumps), two forest product uses (construction material and biofuel), and two reference fossilfuels (coal and natural gas). The greatest reduction of net carbon emission occurred when the forest was fertilized, slashand stumps were harvested, wood was used as construction material, and the reference fossil fuel was coal. The lowest reductionoccurred with a traditional forest management, forest residues retained on site, and harvested biomass was used asbiofuel to replace natural gas. Product use had the greatest impact on net carbon emission, whereas forest management regime,reference fossil fuel, and forest residue usage as biofuel were less significant.
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| 5. |
- Hebert, Marie-Pier, et al.
(author)
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Lake salinization drives consistent losses of zooplankton abundance and diversity across coordinated mesocosm experiments
- 2023
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In: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 8:1, s. 19-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human-induced salinization increasingly threatens inland waters; yet we know little about the multifaceted response of lake communities to salt contamination. By conducting a coordinated mesocosm experiment of lake salinization across 16 sites in North America and Europe, we quantified the response of zooplankton abundance and (taxonomic and functional) community structure to a broad gradient of environmentally relevant chloride concentrations, ranging from 4 to ca. 1400 mg Cl- L-1. We found that crustaceans were distinctly more sensitive to elevated chloride than rotifers; yet, rotifers did not show compensatory abundance increases in response to crustacean declines. For crustaceans, our among-site comparisons indicate: (1) highly consistent decreases in abundance and taxon richness with salinity; (2) widespread chloride sensitivity across major taxonomic groups (Cladocera, Cyclopoida, and Calanoida); and (3) weaker loss of functional than taxonomic diversity. Overall, our study demonstrates that aggregate properties of zooplankton communities can be adversely affected at chloride concentrations relevant to anthropogenic salinization in lakes.
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| 6. |
- Hintz, William D., et al.
(author)
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Current water quality guidelines across North America and Europe do not protect lakes from salinization
- 2022
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human-induced salinization caused by the use of road deicing salts, agricultural practices, mining operations, and climate change is a major threat to the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear if freshwater ecosystems are protected from salinization by current water quality guidelines. Leveraging an experimental network of land-based and in-lake mesocosms across North America and Europe, we tested how salinization—indicated as elevated chloride (Cl−) concentration—will affect lake food webs and if two of the lowest Cl− thresholds found globally are sufficient to protect these food webs. Our results indicated that salinization will cause substantial zooplankton mortality at the lowest Cl− thresholds established in Canada (120 mg Cl−/L) and the United States (230 mg Cl−/L) and throughout Europe where Cl− thresholds are generally higher. For instance, at 73% of our study sites, Cl− concentrations that caused a ≥50% reduction in cladoceran abundance were at or below Cl− thresholds in Canada, in the United States, and throughout Europe. Similar trends occurred for copepod and rotifer zooplankton. The loss of zooplankton triggered a cascading effect causing an increase in phytoplankton biomass at 47% of study sites. Such changes in lake food webs could alter nutrient cycling and water clarity and trigger declines in fish production. Current Cl− thresholds across North America and Europe clearly do not adequately protect lake food webs. Water quality guidelines should be developed where they do not exist, and there is an urgent need to reassess existing guidelines to protect lake ecosystems from human-induced salinization.
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| 7. |
- Jin, Hongxiao, et al.
(author)
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Disentangling remotely-sensed plant phenology and snow seasonality at northern Europe using MODIS and the plant phenology index
- 2017
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In: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 198, s. 203-212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Land surface phenology is frequently derived from remotely sensed data. However, over regions with seasonal snow cover, remotely-sensed land surface phenology may be dominated by snow seasonality, rather than showing true plant phenology. Overlooking snow influences may lead to inaccurate plant phenology estimation, and consequently to misinterpretation of climate-vegetation interactions. To address the problem we apply the recently developed plant phenology index (PPI) to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for estimating plant phenology metrics over northern Europe. We compare PPI-derived start and end of the growing season with ground observations by professionals (6 sites) and nonprofessional citizens (378 sites), with phenology metrics derived from gross primary productivity (GPP, 18 sites), and with data on the timing of snow cover. These data are also compared with land surface phenology metrics derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using the same MODIS data. We find that the PPI-retrieved plant phenology agrees with ground observations and GPP-derived phenology, and that the NDVI-derived phenology to a large extent agrees with the end-of-snowmelt for the start-of-season and the start-of-snowing for the end-of-season. PPI is thereby useful for more accurate estimation of plant phenology from remotely sensed data over northern Europe and other regions with seasonal snow cover.
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| 8. |
- Josefsson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Utvärdering av gemensamt delprogram Fenologi - Naturens kalender, 2015-2020
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport är en utvärdering av den första programperioden 2015-2020 för det gemensamma delprogrammet Fenologi – Naturens kalender, program-område Landskap. Den ska fungera som ett underlag inför det fortsatta arbetet med delprogrammet under kommande programperiod för åren 2021-2026.Län som deltar i delprogrammet län ska genom att bygga upp ett länseget nätverk av ideella fenologiobservatörer i samarbete med Sveriges Lantbruks-universitet och Svenska fenologinätverket. I utvärderingen ser vi över del-tagande läns förmåga att leverera underlag till miljömålsindikatorn ”Växternas växtsäsong”, som används för att följa upp miljömålet ”Begränsad klimat-påverkan”. Vi redovisar även resultat från en webbenkät som skickats ut till landets fenologiväktare.Det är viktigt att under den nuvarande programperiod (2021-2026) fokusera på att:Värva fler fenologiväktare inom deltagande län! Viktigt att alla län når upp till den uppskattade miniminivån på 6 rapportörer per län.Öka antalet rapporter av indikatorns arter och faser för att höja kvalitén på underlaget.Ge en löpande återkoppling till aktiva fenologiväktare, både från SLU:s nationella samordnare och från Länsstyrelsernas kontakt-personer.Fortsätta pågående arbete med att flytta över datalagringen till Artdatabankens databaser.Fastställa undersökningstypen.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Per Erik, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Negative impact of ozone on the stem basal area increment of mature Norway spruce in south Sweden
- 2006
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127. ; 232:1-3, s. 146-151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relative annual basal area increment of mature Norway spruce trees in south-central Sweden during 9 years was used as the response variable and analysed in relation to ozone exposure, meteorological conditions, soil moisture and stand characteristics. The method used was a modified multiple regression analysis, allowing for dependencies between observations from the same plots. The selected statistical model explained 91% of the variation in the annual relative basal area increment. The strongest explanatory variable was the stand basal area, followed by the temperature sum and the soil moisture index. After these three variables, the ozone index was the most important variable. Its effect was negative and highly significant. The average daylight ozone concentration gave a slightly better model fit as compared to the accumulated exposure during daylight hours above a threshold of 40 nmol mol−1 (AOT40). The predicted effect of ozone within the range of annual ozone exposures found in this study (18008700 nmol mol−1 h AOT40), was in absolute values a 0.8% decrease in the relative annual basal area increment. This could be compared with the mean relative annual increment measured during the study period of 4.6%. Our results provide statistical evidence that ground level ozone can have a negative impact on the stem growth of mature Norway spruce trees under field conditions.
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| 10. |
- Kindberg, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Fluctuating mast production does not drive Scandinavian brown bear behavior
- 2019
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In: Journal of Wildlife Management. - : Wiley. - 0022-541X .- 1937-2817. ; 83, s. 657-668
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bears often rely on soft or hard mast during fall hyperphagia when they increase body mass in preparation for winter hibernation. Studies of North American and Japanese bear populations suggest they respond to years of mast crop failure by increasing movement rates and roaming farther, with an increase in human-wildlife conflicts. In southcentral Sweden, brown bears (Ursus arctos) primarily feed on bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea) during hyperphagia. We hypothesized that berry production affects movement, activity, and space use behaviors of bears in Sweden, which have the potential to increase human-bear encounters. We tested whether seasonal activity patterns, human settlement visits, and clearcut selection ratios were affected by bilberry and lingonberry productivity between 2007 and 2017 with linear and generalized linear mixed effect models. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find that bears moved more or maintained larger home ranges in years of low berry production. Bears were slightly more active in years of higher bilberry production, but variation in behavior was primarily explained by demographic group and individual differences. Bears rarely visited human settlements and the number of visits did not increase in relation to shortage of natural foods. Likewise, population-level selection for clearcuts was unrelated to berry production but reflected a differential food search behavior in the 2 peak berry seasons, with higher clearcut selection ratios during the lingonberry season. Only 12 bears regularly used agricultural fields, which were too few to relate field visits to berry production, but all bears visited fields more often during the later lingonberry season. We suggest that weaker fluctuations in berry production, a continuous spatial distribution of berries, and an apparent absence of forage-limiting exploitative intra- or interspecific competition contribute to brown bears in Scandinavia being less food limited than bears in North America or Japan, which might help to explain the low number of human-bear conflicts in Sweden. Factors potentially influencing encounters and actual or perceived conflict between bears and humans differ among populations because of a different distribution of natural and non-natural food resources or differences in the magnitude of variation in food abundance among years. These data are important to consider when communicating causes of human-wildlife conflicts to the public. (c) 2018 The Wildlife Society.
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