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- Ahlgren, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Pandemic discourse and the prefiguration of the future
- 2020
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Ingår i: Language, Culture and Society. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2543-3164 .- 2543-3156. ; 2:2, s. 227-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the confinement due to COVID-19, our research group (MIRCo) gathered together to share our views on the pandemic. Like Klemperer (2001), we developed a 'quarantine diary' of the 'keywords' (Williams, 2015) and expressions circulating in Spain and abroad during the lockdown. In this article, we reflect on how events are (re)constructed in discourse and how different understandings emerge and turn into social practices with transforming potential (Foucault, 2002; Martin Rojo, 2001). Our analysis of these keywords reveals two tendencies, associated with neoliberal governmentality that reinforce the disciplinary component of security: (i) the reinforcement of social discipline, which in the Spanish case was call upon individual responsibility and, for the most part, was efficiently self-imposed by citizens; (ii) the multiplication of devices and nodes of social surveillance, which took place with the engagement of the population in controlling others, and the proliferation of cyber surveillance. The struggles over the signification (Laclau & Mouffe, 1985) of various keywords, such as solidarity or freedom, reveal several social tensions at different moments and places that are addressed in the article. In this article, we also turn to discourses that reflect the care practices initiated by neighbourhood and activist groups in order to address the particular ways in which the pandemic has affected their communities. Exemplified by the repopularized slogan: 'solo el pueblo salva al pueblo' ('only the people can save the people'), here we explore how networks of mutual aid and care at the local level challenge assumptions of the State as the primary actor for finding a way out of the crisis. Our discussion questions how 'commoning' (Bollier, 2014) practices for resistance and survival might transcend the pandemic and provide keys to unlocking solutions to new (and old) social struggles.
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| 3. |
- Koyanagi, Ai, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic Physical Conditions, Multimorbidity, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 66:4, s. 721-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between chronic physical conditions and multimorbidity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).DESIGN: Nationally representative, cross-sectional, community-based study.SETTING: Six countries that participated in the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health.PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 50 and older (N=32,715; mean age 62.1 ± 15.6; 51.7% female).MEASUREMENTS: The definition of MCI was based on the recommendations of the National Institute on Ageing and Alzheimer's Association. Ten chronic conditions were assessed (angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, cataract, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, edentulism, hearing problems, hypertension, stroke). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between chronic physical conditions, multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions), and MCI.RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 49.8% (95% confidence interval (CI)=48.1-51.5%) and of MCI was 15.3% (95% CI=14.4-16.3%). After adjustment for potential confounders, edentulism (odds ratio (OR)=1.24), arthritis (OR=1.24), chronic lung disease (OR=1.29), cataract (OR=1.33), stroke (OR=1.94), hearing problems (OR=2.27), and multimorbidity (OR=1.40) were significantly associated with MCI. There was a gradual increase in the likelihood of MCI (1 condition: OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.03-1.42; ≥4 conditions: OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.70-2.52).CONCLUSION: These results highlight the need to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking chronic conditions and MCI and whether prevention or treatment of chronic conditions or multimorbidity can reduce the onset of cognitive decline and subsequent dementia, especially in LMICs.
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| 4. |
- Koyanagi, Ai, et al.
(författare)
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Food Insecurity Is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in South Africa : Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are no studies on the association between food insecurity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus, cross-sectional, community-based data on individuals aged ≥50 years from the World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in South Africa (2007⁻2008) were analyzed to assess this association. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Past 12-month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 3,672 individuals aged ≥50 years [mean (SD) age 61.4 (18.3); 56% females]. The prevalence of MCI was 8.5%, while 11.0% and 20.8% experienced moderate and severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, moderate and severe food insecurity were associated with 2.82 (95%CI = 1.65⁻4.84) and 2.51 (95%CI = 1.63⁻3.87) times higher odds for MCI compared with no food insecurity, respectively. The OR for those aged ≥65 years with severe food insecurity was particularly high (OR = 3.87; 95%CI = 2.20⁻6.81). In conclusion, food insecurity was strongly associated with MCI among South African older adults. Future longitudinal research is required to assess whether addressing food insecurity may reduce risk of MCI and subsequent dementia.
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