| 1. |
- Arvela, Riina K, et al.
(author)
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A reassessment of the transition-metal free suzuki-type coupling methodology.
- 2005
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In: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 70:1, s. 161-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present here a reassessment of our transition-metal free Suzuki-type coupling protocol. We believe that, although the reaction can be run without the need for addition of a metal catalyst, palladium contaminants down to a level of 50 ppb found in commercially available sodium carbonate are responsible for the generation of the biaryl rather than, as previously suggested, an alternative non-palladium-mediated pathway. We present a revised methodology for Suzuki couplings using ultralow palladium concentrations for use with aryl and vinyl boronic acids and discuss the effects of the purity of the boronic acid on the reaction.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Arvela, Riina K, et al.
(author)
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Microwave-promoted Heck coupling using ultralow metal catalyst concentrations.
- 2005
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In: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 70:5, s. 1786-1790
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show that Heck couplings can be performed in water using microwave heating and Pd catalyst concentrations as low as 500 ppb. The methodology is simple; all that is required as the catalyst is a stock solution of palladium.
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| 4. |
- Arvela, Riina K, et al.
(author)
-
Suzuki coupling of aryl chlorides with phenylboronic acid in water, using microwave heating with simultaneous cooling
- 2005
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In: Organic Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1523-7060 .- 1523-7052. ; 7:11, s. 2101-2104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present here a methodology for the Suzuki coupling of aryl chlorides with phenylboronic acid using Pd/C as a catalyst, water as a solvent, and microwave heating. We show that simultaneous cooling in conjunction with microwave heating prolongs the lifetime of the aryl chloride substrates during the course of the reaction and, as a result, yields of the desired biaryl as well as overall recovery of material can be increased.
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