| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
-
TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
-
In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bowden, John A., et al.
(author)
-
Harmonizing lipidomics : NIST interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using SRM 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Lipid Research. - 0022-2275 .- 1539-7262. ; 58:12, s. 2275-2288
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As the lipidomics field continues to advance, self-evaluation within the community is critical. Here, we performed an interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma, a commercially available reference material. The interlaboratory study comprised 31 diverse laboratories, with each laboratory using a different lipidomics workflow. A total of 1,527 unique lipids were measured across all laboratories and consensus location estimates and associated uncertainties were determined for 339 of these lipids measured at the sum composition level by five or more participating laboratories. These evaluated lipids detected in SRM 1950 serve as community-wide benchmarks for intra-and interlaboratory quality control and method validation. These analyses were performed using nonstandardized laboratory-independent workflows. The consensus locations were also compared with a previous examination of SRM 1950 by the LIPID MAPS consortium.jlr While the central theme of the interlaboratory study was to provide values to help harmonize lipids, lipid mediators, and precursor measurements across the community, it was also initiated to stimulate a discussion regarding areas in need of improvement.
|
|
| 3. |
- Magnusson, Maria K, 1972, et al.
(author)
-
A transductionally retargeted adenoviral vector for virotherapy of her2/neu-expressing prostate cancer
- 2012
-
In: Human Gene Therapy. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1043-0342 .- 1557-7422. ; 23, s. 70-82
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The efficacy of adenovirus (Ad)-based gene therapy of solid tumors, such as prostate cancer, is limited. One of the many problems is that the virus infects many different cell types in the body, resulting in high toxicity, whereas the target cancer cells are often less prone to wild-type Ad infection. Our aim was to develop genetically de-and retargeted Ad vectors to reduce off-target effects and increase target infection for prostate cancer. We have previously reported an Ad5 vector specific for the cancer-associated receptor Her2/neu, created by inserting Her2/neu-reactive Affibody® molecules (ZH) into the HI loop of a coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor binding-ablated fiber (Ad[ZH/1]). In addition to virus retargeting to Her2/neu, this virus was further modified from wild-type Ad by changing the RGD motif in the penton base to EGD and by substitution of the KKTK motif in the third shaft repeat to RKSK, resulting in the vector Ad[ZH/3]. The ZH-containing vectors could be produced to high titers and were specific for their target, resulting in efficient infection and killing of Her2/neu-positive androgen-dependent PC346C prostate cancer cells in vitro. Here we show that the oncolytic Ad[ZH/3] vector significantly prolonged survival time and reduced serum prostate-specific antigen levels in an orthotopic prostate tumor model in nude mice to the same extent as wild-type Ad5. Our results show that Her2/neu targeting using Ad-based vectors for prostate cancer is feasible and may serve as a basis for the development of gene therapy of human prostate cancer as well as other Her2/neu-expressing cancers. © 2012 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
|
|
| 4. |
- Díaz, S, et al.
(author)
-
Assessing nature's contributions to people
- 2018
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 359:6373, s. 270-272
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major challenge today and into the future is to maintain or enhance beneficial contributions of nature to a good quality of life for all people. This is among the key motivations of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), a joint global effort by governments, academia, and civil society to assess and promote knowledge of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystems and their contribution to human societies in order to inform policy formulation. One of the more recent key elements of the IPBES conceptual framework is the notion of nature's contributions to people (NCP), which builds on the ecosystem service concept popularized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But as we detail below, NCP as defined and put into practice in IPBES differs from earlier work in several important ways. First, the NCP approach recognizes the central and pervasive role that culture plays in defining all links between people and nature. Second, use of NCP elevates, emphasizes, and operationalizes the role of indigenous and local knowledge in understanding nature's contribution to people. The broad remit of IPBES requires it to engage a wide range of stakeholders, spanning from natural, social, humanistic, and engineering sciences to indigenous peoples and local communities in whose territories lie much of the world's biodiversity. Being an intergovernmental body, such inclusiveness is essential not only for advancing knowledge but also for the political legitimacy of assessment findings.
|
|
| 5. |
- Thomas, S. M., et al.
(author)
-
On the role of Coulomb scattering in hafnium-silicate gated silicon n and p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistors
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 110:12, s. 124503-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, the impact of the local and remote Coulomb scattering mechanisms on electron and hole mobility are investigated. The effective mobilities in quasi-planar finFETs with TiN/Hf(0.4)Si(0.6)O/SiO(2) gate stacks have been measured at 300 K and 4 K. At 300 K, electron mobility is degraded below that of bulk MOSFETs in the literature, whereas hole mobility is comparable. The 4 K electron and hole mobilities have been modeled in terms of ionized impurity, local Coulomb, remote Coulomb and local roughness scattering. An existing model for remote Coulomb scattering from a polycrystalline silicon gate has been adapted to model remote Coulomb scattering from a high-kappa/SiO(2) gate stack. Subsequently, remote charge densities of 8 x 10(12) cm(-2) at the Hf(0.4)Si(0.6)O/SiO(2) interface were extracted and shown to be the dominant Coulomb scattering mechanism for both electron and hole mobilities at 4 K. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation showed remote Coulomb scattering was responsible for the degraded 300 K electron mobility.
|
|
| 6. |
- Balestra, F., et al.
(author)
-
NANOSIL network of excellence-silicon-based nanostructures and nanodevices for long-term nanoelectronics applications
- 2008
-
In: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8001 .- 1873-4081. ; 11:5-6, s. 148-159
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- NANOSIL Network of Excellence [NANOSIL NoE web site < www.nanosil-noe.eu >], funded by the European Commission in the 7th Framework Programme (ICT-FP7, no 216171), aims at European scale integration of the excellent European research laboratories and their capabilities in order to strengthen scientific and technological excellence in the field of nanoelectronic materials and devices for terascale integrated circuits (ICs), and to disseminating the results in a wide scientific and industrial community. NANOSIL is exploring and assessing the science and technological aspects of nanodevices and operational regimes relevant to the n+4 technology node and beyond. It encompasses projects on nanoscale CMOS and beyond-CMOS. Innovative concepts, technologies and device architectures are proposed-with fabrication down to the finest features, and utilising a wide spectrum of advanced deposition and processing capabilities, extensive characterization and very rigorous device modeling. This work is carried out through a network of joint processing, characterization and modeling platforms. This critical interaction strengthens European integration in nanoelectronics and will speed up technological innovation for the nanoelectronics of the next two to three decades.
|
|
| 7. |
- Donetti, L., et al.
(author)
-
On the effective mass of holes in inversion layers
- 2011
-
In: International Conference on Ultimate Integration on Silicon. - 9781457700903 ; , s. 50-53
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study hole inversion layers in bulk MOSFETs and silicon-on-insulator devices employing a self-consistent simulator based on the six-band kp model. Valence Band structure is computed for different device orientations and silicon layer thicknesses, and then it is characterized through the calculation of different effective masses.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mace, Georgina M., et al.
(author)
-
Approaches to defining a planetary boundary for biodiversity
- 2014
-
In: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 28, s. 289-297
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The idea that there is an identifiable set of boundaries, beyond which anthropogenic change will put the Earth system outside a safe operating space for humanity, is attracting interest in the scientific community and gaining support in the environmental policy world. Rockstrom et al. (2009) identify nine such boundaries and highlight biodiversity loss as being the single boundary where current rates of extinction put the Earth system furthest outside the safe operating space. Here we review the evidence to support a boundary based on extinction rates and identify weaknesses with this metric and its bearing on humanity's needs. While changes to biodiversity are of undisputed importance, we show that both extinction rate and species richness are weak metrics for this purpose, and they do not scale well from local to regional or global levels. We develop alternative approaches to determine biodiversity loss boundaries and extend our analysis to consider large-scale responses in the Earth system that could affect its suitability for complex human societies which in turn are mediated by the biosphere. We suggest three facets of biodiversity on which a boundary could be based: the genetic library of life; functional type diversity; and biome condition and extent. For each of these we explore the science needed to indicate how it might be measured and how changes would affect human societies. In addition to these three facets, we show how biodiversity's role in supporting a safe operating space for humanity may lie primarily in its interactions with other boundaries, suggesting an immediate area of focus for scientists and policymakers.
|
|
