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- Alström-Rapaport, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Seasonal variation in the mode of reproduction of Ulva intestinalis in a brackish water environment
- 2010
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In: Aquatic Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3770 .- 1879-1522. ; 93:4, s. 244-249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We explored the reproductive modes of Viva intestinalis in the inner part of the Baltic Sea during three consecutive years by using five microsatellite loci to estimate the relative abundance of diploid sporophytes and haploid gametophytes. Our results suggest that both diploid sporophytes and haploid gametophytes occur regularly in the Baltic Sea. The ratio of haploid to diploid individuals changes with seasons. Sporophytes are more abundant than gametophytes throughout the year, but the proportion of haploids increases from 10% in early summer to 35% in September. The over-wintering takes primarily place as diploid spores released by sporophytes. The sporophytes appear to reproduce both sexually and asexually in the Baltic Sea, since clones were found for this life phase. The fraction of individuals which belonged to an apparent diploid clone was higher in spring (62%) than in autumn (33%). We also found evidence for asexual clones in haploid gametophytes. The presence of both diploid and haploid individuals and the pattern of genetic and genotypic diversity provide evidence of sexual reproduction in the Baltic Sea. Thus the sporophytes and gametophytes do not function as two reproductively separate units. Compared with many other algal species with a reduced reproductive cycle in low salinity, U. intestinalis differs by having a multitude of reproductive modes also in the brackish water Baltic Sea, which can in part explain the dynamic propagation and high adaptability of the species.
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| 4. |
- Myllyviita, Tanja, et al.
(author)
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Assessing biodiversity impacts in life cycle assessment framework - Comparing approaches based on species richness and ecosystem indicators in the case of Finnish boreal forests
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Impacts of bioeconomy on climate have been much discussed, but less attention has been given to biodiversity deterioration. One approach to assess biodiversity impacts is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Finland is a forested country with intensive forest industries, but only coarse biodiversity LCA methods are available. The aim of this study was to further develop and apply approaches to assess the biodiversity impacts of wood use in Finland. With the species richness approach (all taxons included), biodiversity impacts were higher in Southern than in Northern Finland but impacts in Southern and Northern Finland were lower when mammals, birds and molluscs were included. With the ecosystem indicators approach, if the reference situation were forest in its natural state, biodiversity impacts were higher than in the case where the initial state of forest before final felling was used to derive biodiversity loss. In both cases, the biodiversity impacts were higher in Northern Finland. These results were not coherent as the model applying species richness data assesses biodiversity loss based on all species, whereas the ecosystem indicators approach considers vulnerable species. One limitation of the species richness approach was that there were no reliable datasets available. In the ecosystem indicators approach, it was noticed that the biodiversity of managed Finnish forests is substantially lower than in natural forests. Biodiversity LCA approaches are highly sensitive to reference states, applied model and data. It is essential to develop approaches capable of comparing biodiversity impacts of forest management practices, or when looking at multiple environmental impacts simultaneously with the LCA framework.
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- Rantakari, Krista, et al.
(author)
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Early oxygen levels contribute to brain injury in extremely preterm infants
- 2021
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In: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 90, s. 131-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND Extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments that may originate in early NICU care. We hypothesized that early oxygen saturations (SpO(2)), arterial pO(2) levels, and supplemental oxygen (FiO(2)) would associate with later neuroanatomic changes.METHODS SpO(2), arterial blood gases, and FiO(2) from 73 ELGANs (GA 26.4 +/- 1.2; BW 867 +/- 179 g) during the first 3 postnatal days were correlated with later white matter injury (WM, MRI, n = 69), secondary cortical somatosensory processing in magnetoencephalography (MEG-SII, n = 39), Hempel neurological examination (n = 66), and developmental quotients of Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS, n = 58).RESULTS The ELGANs with later WM abnormalities exhibited lower SpO(2) and pO(2) levels, and higher FiO(2) need during the first 3 days than those with normal WM. They also had higher pCO(2) values. The infants with abnormal MEG-SII showed opposite findings, i.e., displayed higher SpO(2) and pO(2) levels and lower FiO(2) need, than those with better outcomes. Severe WM changes and abnormal MEG-SII were correlated with adverse neurodevelopment.CONCLUSIONS Low oxygen levels and high FiO(2) need during the NICU care associate with WM abnormalities, whereas higher oxygen levels correlate with abnormal MEG-SII. The results may indicate certain brain structures being more vulnerable to hypoxia and others to hyperoxia, thus emphasizing the role of strict saturation targets. Impact This study indicates that both abnormally low and high oxygen levels during early NICU care are harmful for later neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates. Specific brain structures seem to be vulnerable to low and others to high oxygen levels. The findings may have clinical implications as oxygen is one of the most common therapies given in NICUs. The results emphasize the role of strict saturation targets during the early postnatal period in preterm infants.
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