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- Addison, Tony, et al.
(author)
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Revenue mobilization in aid-dependent countries : current and future challenges
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The recent financial crisis and other climate related shocks pose important challenges to fiscal policies in a number of developing countries. The best way for developing countries to respond to the tax challenges are essentially to broaden tax bases, reduce rates and improve tax administration. But equally important, the focus has also to be on economic policies that accelerate growth and expand the tax base. In many developing countries, poor public service delivery, financed with existing revenue, creates dissatisfied citizens which are unwilling to pay taxes. A legitimate and responsive state one that secures the rule of law and keeps corruption under control is important for better mobilisation of tax revenue. With regard to the mix of tax instruments trade taxes will continue to reduce its significance as an important source of revenue. This suggests that indirect taxes such as VAT and direct taxes will be of significant importance in the future. Many developing countries have very narrow tax bases, with large number of exemptions, often designed to protect the interests of powerful groups. In these circumstances broadening the base can have the advantages of raising revenue, improving economic efficiency and achieving greater redistribution. Over the long-term taxation can reduce developing countries’ dependence upon aid and increase its ownership of the development agenda and become accountable to its citizens. This would also reinforce the social contract between state, citizens and the private sector which was how efficient institutions evolved in the developed world.
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| 3. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Behåll budgetstödet, Carlsson
- 2012
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In: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :17 mars 2012
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 4. |
- Bigsten, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Debt relief and growth : a study of Tanzania and Zambia
- 2004
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In: Debt relief for poor countries. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1403934827 ; , s. 181-208
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses some issues on how to evaluate the impact of HIPC debt relief in the cases of Tanzania and Zambia using two computable general equilibrium models. Within our relatively simple model framework, we found that the macroeconomic impact of debt relief is modest. One reason for this relatively modest impact is that the annual injection of additional resources relative to current actual debt service is small in both cases, which implies that the impact of debt relief per se would be expected to be modest. However, as illustrated in the case of Tanzania the impact could be considerably higher if additional public investment succeeds to improve private sector productivity.
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| 5. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Debt Relief and Growth: A Study of Zambia and Tanzania
- 2004
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In: Debt Relief for Poor Countries. - Basingstoke and New York : Palgrave MacMillan in association with UNU-WIDER. - 1403934827 ; Ch II:9, s. 181-205
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 6. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Growth, Distribution and Pro-Poor Growth: An overview
- 2004
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In: Attacking Poverty: What makes growth pro-poor? Ed by M. Krakowski. - Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. - 3832906177 ; , s. 39-60
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Growth, Income Distribution, and Poverty: A Review
- 2000
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper reviews the recent literature dealing with the relationships between economic growth, income distribution, and poverty. This generally fails to find any systematic pattern of change in income distribution during recent decades. Neither does it find any systematic link from fast growth to increasing inequality. Some recent empirical evidence has tended to confirm the negative impact of inequality on growth, on the other hand. Others have found that the level of initial income inequality is not a robust explanatory factor of growth, though high inequality in the distribution of assets, such as land, has a significantly negative effect on growth. Possible channels are credit rationing, reduced possibilities for participation in the political process, and social conflicts. Among the strategic elements that contributed to reduced poverty are: an outward-oriented strategy of export-led growth, based on labour-intensive manufacturing; agricultural and rural development, with encouragement of new technologies; investment in physical infrastructure and human capital; efficient institutions that provide the right set of incentives to farmers and entrepreneurs; and social policies to promote health, education, and social capital, as well as safety nets to protect the poor. Countries that have been successful in terms of economic growth are also very likely to be successful in reducing poverty. Poverty can be reduced if there is sufficient economic growth. Growth can be substantial if the policy and institutional environment is right.
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| 10. |
- Deschamps-Laporte, Jean-Philippe, 1985-
(author)
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Essays on welfare and debt : From impact evaluation in Kenya to Canadian housing markets
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis is comprised of two independent essays on the topics of impact evaluation, and one essay on the housing wealth-effect. The essays address key questions on welfare and spending decisions made by households when subject to government assistance programs and increases in housing prices.The first essay deals with a large scale pro-poor government assistance program in Kenya. It studies the impact of extension services on rural households, to understand whether the SIDA-funded program led to sustainable improvements in the treated households’ livelihoods. The results suggest that the treated households increased fertilizer dosage, and had higher household expenditures. However, the treatment did not impact farming revenues and output.The second essay investigates a novel labelled cash transfer program in agriculture in Kenya. This essay documents the impacts of the program to draw a relationship between the treatment and farm output and revenue, as well as basic welfare indicators at the household level. The results show that while household expenditures were higher following the reception of the labelled cash transfer, farm yields and revenues were not improved by the intervention.The third essay analyses the relationship between housing prices and consumer debt in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Using administrative data and an implementation of the Arellano-Bond estimator, this essay shows that, even as residential property values climbed very rapidly, consumers did not engage in additional non-mortgage debt, in particular consumers who planned to stay in their home for the following twelve months.
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