| 1. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(author)
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Health effects of milk consumption : phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study
- 2022
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In: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1741-7015. ; 20:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We performed phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis (MR-PheWAS), two-sample MR analysis, and systemic review to comprehensively explore the health effects of milk consumption in the European population.METHODS: Rs4988235 located upstream of the LCT gene was used as the instrumental variable for milk consumption. MR-PheWAS analysis was conducted to map the association of genetically predicted milk consumption with 1081 phenotypes in the UK Biobank study (n=339,197). The associations identified in MR-PheWAS were examined by two-sample MR analysis using data from the FinnGen study (n=260,405) and international consortia. A systematic review of MR studies on milk consumption was further performed.RESULTS: PheWAS and two-sample MR analyses found robust evidence in support of inverse associations of genetically predicted milk consumption with risk of cataract (odds ratio (OR) per 50 g/day increase in milk consumption, 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84-0.94; p=3.81×10-5), hypercholesterolemia (OR, 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96; p=2.97×10-4), and anal and rectal polyps (OR, 0.85, 95% CI, 0.77-0.94; p=0.001). An inverse association for type 2 diabetes risk (OR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.86-0.97; p=0.003) was observed in MR analysis based on genetic data with body mass index adjustment but not in the corresponding data without body mass index adjustment. The systematic review additionally found evidence that genetically predicted milk consumption was inversely associated with asthma, hay fever, multiple sclerosis, colorectal cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, and positively associated with Parkinson's disease, renal cell carcinoma, metabolic syndrome, overweight, and obesity.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests several health effects of milk consumption in the European population.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, Han, et al.
(author)
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Atopic dermatitis and chronic kidney disease : a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-858X. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A bidirectional association between atopic dermatitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been revealed in observational studies, whereas the causality of this association was unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to determine the bidirectional causal association between atopic dermatitis and CKD.Methods: Independent genetic instruments associated with atopic dermatitis and CKD at the genome-wide significance level were chosen from corresponding meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for atopic dermatitis were obtained from the EAGLE Eczema consortium (30,047 cases and 40,835 controls) and FinnGen consortium (7,024 cases and 198,740 controls). Summary-level data for CKD were derived from CKDGen consortium (64,164 cases and 625,219 controls) and FinnGen consortium (3,902 cases and 212,841 controls). The inverse-variance weighted method was used in the main analysis and supplemented with three sensitivity analyses.Results: Genetic predisposition to atopic dermatitis was associated with an increased risk of CKD. For a one-unit increase in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis, the odds ratio of CKD was 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.12). In the reverse Mendelian randomization analysis, the odds ratio of atopic dermatitis was 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.26) for a one-unit increase in the prevalence of CKD. The associations persisted in sensitivity analyses and no pleiotropy was detected.Conclusion: This Mendelian randomization study suggests a bidirectional positive association between atopic dermatitis and CKD.
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| 3. |
- Li, Doudou, et al.
(author)
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes : an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis
- 2022
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:1, s. 230-243
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced from dietary nutrients. Many studies have discovered that circulating TMAO concentrations are linked to a wide range of health outcomes.Objectives: This study aimed to summarize health outcomes related to circulating TMAO concentrations.Methods: We searched the Embase. Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 15 February, 2022 to identify and update meta-analyses examining the associations between 'TAO and multiple health outcomes. For each health outcome, we estimated the summary effect size. 95% prediction CI. between-study heterogeneity. evidence of small-study effects, and evidence of excess-significance bias. These metrics were used to evaluate the evidence credibility of the identified associations.Results: This umbrella review identified 24 meta-analyses that investigated the association between circulating 'TAO concentrations and health outcomes including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer. and renal function. We updated these meta-analyses by including a total of 82 individual studies on 18 unique health outcomes. Among them, 14 associations were nominally significant. After evidence credibility assessment, we found 6 (33%) associations (i.e., all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, hypertension. DM, and glomerular filtration rate) to present highly suggestive evidence.Conclusions: TMAO might be a novel biomarker related to human health conditions including all-cause mortality, hypertension. CVD, DM. cancer, and kidney function. Further studies are needed to investigate whether circulating 'MAO concentrations could be an intervention target for chronic disease.
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| 4. |
- Li, Ying, et al.
(author)
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Deep knowledge distillation: A self-mutual learning framework for traffic prediction
- 2024
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In: Expert Systems with Applications. - 0957-4174. ; 252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traffic flow prediction in spatio-temporal networks is a crucial aspect of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Existing traffic flow forecasting methods, particularly those utilizing graph neural networks, encounter limitations. When processing large-scale graph data, the depth of these models can restrict their ability to effectively capture complex relationships and patterns. Additionally, these methods often focus mainly on local neighborhood information, which can limit their capability to recognize and analyze global relationships and patterns within the graph data. Therefore, we proposed a deep knowledge distillation model, tailored to effectively capture spatio-temporal patterns in traffic flow prediction. This model incorporates a bidirectional random walk process on a directed graph, enabling it to effectively capture both spatial and temporal dependencies. Utilizing a blend of mutual learning and self-distillation, our approach enhances the detection of spatio-temporal relationships within traffic data and improves the feature perception ability at both local and global levels. We tested our model on two real-world datasets, achieving notable improvements in prediction accuracy, especially for predictions within a one-hour timeframe. In comparison to the baseline model, our proposed model achieved accuracy improvements of 0.19 and 0.18 on the respective datasets. These results highlight the success of using mutual learning and self-distillation to transfer knowledge effectively within and between models and to improve the model's capability in identifying and extracting features.
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| 5. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(author)
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Health effects of high serum calcium levels : Updated phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation investigation and review of Mendelian randomisation studies
- 2022
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 76
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundCalcium plays a role in a wide range of biological functions. Here we conducted a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation (MR-PheWAS) analysis and a systematic review for MR studies to comprehensively investigate the health effects of serum calcium.MethodsOne-hundred and thirty genetic variants strongly associated with serum calcium levels were used as instrumental variables. A phenome-wide association analysis (PheWAS) was conducted to examine the associations of genetically predicted serum calcium with 1473 distinct phenotypes in the UK Biobank including 339,197 individuals. Observed associations in PheWAS were further tested for replication in two-sample MR replication analysis. A systematic review for MR studies on serum calcium was performed to synthesize the published evidence and compare with the current MR-PheWAS findings.FindingsHigher genetically predicted calcium levels were associated with decreased risk of 5 diseases in dermatologic and musculoskeletal systems and increased risk of 17 diseases in circulatory, digestive, endocrine, genitourinary and immune systems. Eight associations were replicated in two-sample MR analysis. These included decreased risk of osteoarthritis and increased risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerosis, hyperparathyroidism, disorder of parathyroid gland, gout, and calculus of kidney and ureter with increased serum calcium. Systematic review of 25 MR studies provided supporting evidence on five out of the eight disease outcomes, while the increased risk of gout, hyperparathyroidism and disorder of parathyroid gland were novel findings.InterpretationThis study found wide-ranged health effects of high serum calcium, which suggests that the benefits and adversities of strategies promoting calcium intake should be assessed
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