| 1. |
- Pröbstel, Anne-Katrin, et al.
(author)
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Gut microbiota-specific IgA+ B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis
- 2020
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In: Science immunology. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 2470-9468. ; 5:53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Changes in gut microbiota composition and a diverse role of B cells have recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key regulator at the mucosal interface. However, whether gut microbiota shape IgA responses and what role IgA+ cells have in neuroinflammation are unknown. Here, we identify IgA-bound taxa in MS and show that IgA-producing cells specific for MS-associated taxa traffic to the inflamed CNS, resulting in a strong, compartmentalized IgA enrichment in active MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Unlike previously characterized polyreactive anti-commensal IgA responses, CNS IgA cross-reacts with surface structures on specific bacterial strains but not with brain tissue. These findings establish gut microbiota-specific IgA+ cells as a systemic mediator in MS and suggest a critical role of mucosal B cells during active neuroinflammation with broad implications for IgA as an informative biomarker and IgA-producing cells as an immune subset to harness for therapeutic interventions.
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| 2. |
- Wolff, Max, et al.
(author)
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Combined neutron reflectometry and rheology
- 2013
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In: Journal of applied crystallography. - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 46:Part 6, s. 1729-1733
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutron reflectometry has been combined with rheology in order to investigate the solid boundary of liquids and polymers under shear deformation. This approach allows one to apply a controlled stress to a material while resolving the structural arrangements on the sub-nanometre length scale with neutron reflectivity, off-specular scattering and small-angle scattering at the same time. The specularly reflected neutron intensity of a 20% by weight solution of Pluronic F127 in deuterated water in contact with an octadecyl trichlorosilane-covered and a piranha-treated silicon wafer is evaluated. A pronounced difference is found in the structure formed by the polymer micelles at the two surfaces, which is explained by the difference in the affinity of the micellar shell to the solid interfaces. Under deformation, the near interface structure changes at deformations of about 2, 30 and 900%. The structural changes are correlated with changes in the storage and loss modulus of the polymer solution, revealing a transition from more solid to more liquid like properties.
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| 3. |
- Wolff, Max, et al.
(author)
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Depth-resolved grazing-incidence time-of-flight neutron scattering from a solid-liquid interface
- 2014
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In: Journal of applied crystallography. - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 47, s. 130-135
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Small-angle scattering in grazing-incidence beam geometry has been applied on a time-of-flight neutron instrument to investigate a solid-liquid boundary. Owing to the broad wavelength distribution provided for a specific incident beam angle, the penetration depth of the neutron beam is varied over a wide range in a single measurement. The near surface structures of block copolymer micelles close to silicon substrates with distinct surface energies are resolved. It is observed that the very near surface structure strongly depends on the surface coating, whereas further away from the surface, bulk-like ordering is found.
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