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- Aleman, J, et al.
(author)
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Saving more neonates in hospital : an intervention towards a sustainable reduction in neonatal mortality in a Nicaraguan hospital
- 1998
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In: Tropical doctor. - 0049-4755 .- 1758-1133. ; 28:2, s. 88-92
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A process of change was initiated in a Nicaraguan regional hospital in order to achieve a sustainable reduction of early neonatal mortality. A series of organizational, educational and hygienic measures was introduced, involving all staff in antenatal care, delivery care and neonatal care. Neonatal mortality decreased from 56/1000 live births in 1985 to 11/1000 in 1993. A commission of maternal and child health, a weekly perinatal audit, the active involvement of all staff and dedicated work of key individuals, as well as national policy decisions, are considered important determinants of the process. Keeping neonatal mortality in focus through continuous analysis of care routines, and through external exchange of ideas is important in order to sustain improvements and to decrease further the mortality.
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| 2. |
- Liukkonen, J, et al.
(author)
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Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis
- 2020
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In: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4418. ; 10:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cumulative risk score (CRS) is a mathematical salivary diagnostic model to define an individual’s risk of having periodontitis. In order to further validate this salivary biomarker, we investigated how periodontal bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and systemic and local host immune responses relate to CRS. Subgingival plaque, saliva, and serum samples collected from 445 individuals were used in the analyses. Plaque levels of 28 microbial species, especially those of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia, and serum and salivary levels of IgA and IgG against these five species were determined. Additionally, LPS activity was measured. High CRS associated strongly with all IgA/IgG antibody and LPS levels in saliva, whereas in serum the associations were not that obvious. In the final logistic regression model, the best predictors of high CRS were saliva IgA burden against the five species (OR 7.04, 95% CI 2.25–22.0), IgG burden (3.79, 1.78–8.08), LPS (2.19, 1.38–3.47), and the sum of 17 subgingival Gram-negative species (6.19, 2.10–18.3). CRS is strongly associated with microbial biomarker species of periodontitis and salivary humoral immune responses against them.
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| 7. |
- Lazarus, Jeffrey, et al.
(author)
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A multilevel analysis of condom use among adolescents in the European Union.
- 2009
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In: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1476-5616 .- 0033-3506. ; 123, s. 138-144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study examined which individual and national factors affect condom use among adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: Multilevel analysis. METHODS: This study reviewed the data on bullying, alcohol use and condom use provided by 18 European countries and subnational entities in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey. Another eight contextual variables were also analysed. Three multilevel logistic regression models were applied consecutively (analysing for crude geographical and school variance in condom use, adjusting for gender and adjusting all variables for one another). RESULTS: Among the 15-year-olds studied, 7.0% of the total variance in condom use was explained by school-related factors (intraschool-level correlation) and 5.8% by national/subnational factors. In the empty model, condom use was significantly associated with gender, alcohol consumption, predominant national religion and national prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the full model, there was also a significant association with the Human Development Index ranking, gross domestic product, Gini coefficient and the Gender-related Development Index. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that while alcohol, gender, human development level, income, religion and HIV prevalence affect condom use in young Europeans, these factors do not explain all or even most of the variation. Nonetheless, since some of these factors are not traditionally associated with young people's sexual and reproductive health, these findings should enable more nuanced health policy programming.
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| 8. |
- Lazarus, Jeffrey, et al.
(author)
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Observations on reproductive health programs in the baltic States.
- 2004
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In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. - : Wiley. - 1879-3479 .- 0020-7292. ; 87:3, s. 277-280
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Public attention in Sweden has been drawn to three neighboring states that recently joined the European Union: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. At this historic moment, it seems instructive to look at how the rapidly reformed health sectors of these ex-Soviet republics are responding to the vision of reproductive health articulated in Cairo 10 years ago. Reproductive health and rights have improved in these states in spite of recent reforms often acting to oppose improvement. Reforms such as the introduction of family medicine need continued adjustment, especially regarding antenatal care. One special challenge is the retention of essential mid-level providers, such as midwives, as the mode of HIV transmission becomes increasingly sexual.
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| 9. |
- Lendahls, L, et al.
(author)
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Women's experiences of smoking during and after pregnancy as ascertained two to three years after birth
- 2002
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In: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3099 .- 0266-6138. ; 18:3, s. 214-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: to ascertain the significant factors that influence women to stop/not stop smoking during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Design: Twenty-four women were interviewed two-three years after delivery with regard to their smoking habits during and after pregnancy. The material was analysed based on a phenomenological approach in order to provide an accurate description of lived experience. Findings: women who still smoked at their first visit to the antenatal clinic often had an established smoking pattern. They had vague knowledge about the risks of smoking during pregnancy. All women interviewed stated that the midwife played an important role in their motivation to stop/reduce smoking during pregnancy. Many women, however, lacked the support from doctors, delivery and maternity ward staff and district nurses. Conclusion: during pregnancy midwives and doctors have a unique opportunity to influence and help women who smoke to give up smoking. It is necessary that the different personnel have a similar approach to counselling. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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