| 1. |
- Bratman, Gregory N., et al.
(author)
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Nature and mental health : An ecosystem service perspective
- 2019
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In: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 5:7
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A growing body of empirical evidence is revealing the value of nature experience for mental health. With rapid urbanization and declines in human contact with nature globally, crucial decisions must be made about how to preserve and enhance opportunities for nature experience. Here, we first provide points of consensus across the natural, social, and health sciences on the impacts of nature experience on cognitive functioning, emotional well-being, and other dimensions of mental health. We then show how ecosystem service assessments can be expanded to include mental health, and provide a heuristic, conceptual model for doing so.
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| 2. |
- FOLKE, MIA, 0967-
(author)
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Measurements of Respiratory Carbon Dioxide
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Koldioxid är en central parameter för metabolismen i alla levande varelser. Hos människan regleras koldioxidhalten främst genom andningen. Därför är det viktigt att kunna mäta och övervaka koldioxidhalten i fysiologiska applikationer så väl inom sportmedicin som inom vården, till exempel på intensivvårdsavdelningar. Dessa mätningar kräver adekvat mätutrustning.Syftet med denna avhandling är att kritiskt granska föreslagna metoder för övervakning av andningsaktiviteten, att föreslå och utveckla förbättringar, samt att föreslå och utveckla nya applikationer för mätning av koldioxidhalten i utandningsluften med hjälp av en elektroakustisk sensor.Mätning av koldioxid i utandningsluften har den fördelen över andra föreslagna metoder för andningsövervakning att den även ger information om förhållandet i arteriellt blod då partialtrycket för koldioxid i slutet av ett andetag är lika stort som i artärblod hos lungfriska personer.Den föreslagna tekniken bygger på en elektroakustisk sensor som kan registrera och mäta koldioxidhalten i utandningsluften om fukt- och temperaturvariationer utjämnas med hjälp av filter. Den elektroakustiska sensorn består av en ultraljudssändare och en reflektor placerade i varsin ände av ett perforerat rör. Den elektriska impedansen i sensorn representerar molekylvikten inne i sensorkaviteten. Molekylmassan har ett linjärt förhållande till koldioxidhalten så länge övriga gaser hålls konstanta.Det faktum att partialtrycket av koldioxid i slutet av ett andetag kan mätas med den elektroakustiska sensorn gör den användbar i flera kliniska situationer om andra gaser inte kan påverka mätningarna.Partialtrycket av koldioxid i slutet av ett andetag har visat sig vara användbar som en indikator för mjölksyratröskeln då personens individuella mjölksyratröskel infaller då partialtrycket av koldioxid i slutet av ett andetag börjar minska. Det ger en ny applikation inom sportmedicin. På det sättet är det möjligt för en idrottare att mäta variationerna i sin mjölksyratröskel, i sin egen sport på daglig basis, vilket kan användas för att optimera arbetsintensiteten under träning och tävling. Trots att det elektroakustiska sensorsystemet inte är selektivt för koldioxid och därför påverkas även av förändringar i syre i utandningsluften har det visat sig fungera i denna applikation.
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| 3. |
- Gohardani, Navid, 1979-
(author)
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An Approach Towards Sustainable Building
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The motivation for development of energy efficiency and implementation of novel advanced materials applied in buildings can be traced to increasing energy costs in conjunction with an enhanced environmental awareness among people. This doctoral dissertation presents contributions towards sustainable building, where factors such as building technology, energy efficiency in buildings, workers' health issues during construction measures, and certain economic considerations for renovation of buildings have been considered. The research study aims to provide a knowledge base for motivating building owners to renovate buildings based on energy efficiency and improved indoor environment. The initial phase of the research study identifies a detailed description of common drivers, expected in renovation projects by building owners. In the second phase, an information base is identified which may facilitate the bidding processes for decision makers by means of technological, social and economic aspects. The aforementioned information base can also contribute to attentive decisions regarding sustainable renovation and energy saving measures. A strategy was developed within the Renovation Workshop of Riksbyggen, in order to promote energy saving measures concurrent with major renovations in residential buildings. This operational decision support process was applied in a tenant owners' cooperative in Sweden. The objective of this process was to showcase and more importantly to implement energy saving measures, based on knowledge transfer between different parties involved in the renovation project. For the conducted case study, this process was shown to be of great importance when decisions regarding energy saving measures in conjunction with scheduled renovations are being planned. A unique case study was conducted on two of the most commonly used environmental certification programs for buildings in Sweden; Environmental Building (Miljöbyggnad) and GreenBuilding. Following a granted access to a limited database of submitted applications to Sweden Green Building Council, the most common mistakes in these were identified and categorized. This study contributed to further understanding about the level of ability among building consultants, comprehension of environmental certification, and enhancement of the ability to produce high-quality calculations concerning building-related energy usage. In addition, this insight can provide a basis for planning of continuing education of consultants within the field of building technology. For a church building, a study was conducted subsequent to an exchange of an existing electric coil heating system to a hydronic ground source heat pump system. Analyses of the energy demand and energy signature, prior to and after installation were carried out. The replacement of the original heating system with a ground source heat pump system for the church building constitutes a reduced energy consumption level of approximately 66%, at the average outside temperature of -2.30 °C. This study demonstrated that data from a detailed electric bill can be utilized in order to obtain the energy signature of the building and henceforth assess the energy savings. One aspect of the research, examined the decision making process related to sustainable renovation and refurbishment in buildings. The utilized methodology identified three distinct phases in order to instigate an engagement in sustainable renovation, by means of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. In particular, the attitudes of stakeholders in Sweden, Denmark and Cyprus to sustainable building were studied through three separate case studies. Within the framework of this study, it was identified that building physics and durability are among the most important drivers for energy renovation. The results provided an insight into the renovation process in the aforementioned countries and identified that drivers such as improvement of indoor air quality and elimination of moisture in the building envelope are also of crucial importance. Another aspect of the conducted research highlights workplace accidents occurring within the Swedish construction sector. The purpose of this study was to serve as a useful tool to track the working environments of construction workers in order to reduce health and safety issues within the construction sector. The findings of this research suggest that despite laws, regulations or additional factors that seek to ensure a safe and healthy environment for construction workers, the Swedish construction work force still faces challenges. Moreover, it is identified that construction workers participating in the study call for additional measures to ensure occupational health and safety. Improved knowledge of economic performance and technical results of renovations can contribute to a snowball effect, with more property owners recognizing the value of energy aspects and thus provide an increased level of energy savings.
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| 4. |
- Gordon, Line J., et al.
(author)
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Rewiring food systems to enhance human health and biosphere stewardship
- 2017
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In: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 12:10
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Food lies at the heart of both health and sustainability challenges. We use a social-ecological framework to illustrate how major changes to the volume, nutrition and safety of food systems between 1961 and today impact health and sustainability. These changes have almost halved undernutrition while doubling the proportion who are overweight. They have also resulted in reduced resilience of the biosphere, pushing four out of six analysed planetary boundaries across the safe operating space of the biosphere. Our analysis further illustrates that consumers and producers have become more distant from one another, with substantial power consolidated within a small group of key actors. Solutions include a shift from a volume-focused production system to focus on quality, nutrition, resource use efficiency, and reduced antimicrobial use. To achieve this, we need to rewire food systems in ways that enhance transparency between producers and consumers, mobilize key actors to become biosphere stewards, and re-connect people to the biosphere.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lindahl, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Circadian Cortisol Rhythm after Burn Injury
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: The stress response to critical illness includes activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and increased release of cortisol and diminished or lost physiological diurnal variation. Details of this response were analyzed in consecutive burn patients.Methods: Forty-nine patients, 15 women and 34 men, median age 41(range 19-60), median burn size 31 % (range 10-96)n and treated at Uppsala Burn Center were investigated during their first week after injury. Clinical parameters were registered daily, serum cortisol concentrations were analyzed four times daily for seven days, and the daily diurnal slope starting from the daily maximum was calculated. Relevant confounding variables were identified by means of a directed acyclic graph (DAG).Results: The circadian zenith for free cortisol frequently occurred at noon rather that in early morning, it was not related to burn size, ventilator care, or surgery, but was weakly related to the SOFA score. Multilevel modeling revealed that burn size explained cortisol slope. After adjustments for covariates, including the SOFA score, the only significant covariate was the SOFA score itself. Ventilator care explained cortisol slope, but surgery the preceding day did not. Differences between large and small burns were only noticed for the free cortisol concentration at 6pm, suggesting that the flattening of the slope was primarily due to a slower decline in free cortisol from morning to evening. When adjusting for all covariates, slope at 6pm was explained by burn size and P-CgA as well as SOFA score. Both burn size and SOFA score explained the daily coefficient of variability (CV) in free cortisol concentration. Similarly, burn size, P-CgA and SOFA explained AUC.Conclusions: Free cortisol concentration was related to the size of burns, as was the circadian cortisol rhythm. This effect of burn size was related at least in part to its effect on organ function.
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| 7. |
- Lindahl, Andreas E, et al.
(author)
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Natriuretic peptide type B in burn intensive care
- 2013
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In: JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 2163-0755 .- 2163-0763. ; 74:3, s. 855-861
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The plasma concentration of natriuretic peptide type B (BNP) or NT-proBNP (P-BNP or P-NT-proBNP) reflects cardiac load. In intensive care unit settings and in chronic inflammation, it is also affected by non-heart-related mechanisms. It has been suggested to be a marker of hydration after severe burns and to predict outcome in critically ill patients, but results are contradictory. We therefore measured P-NT-proBNP after severe burns and related it to injury related variables and to organ dysfunction. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMETHODS: Fifty consecutive patients with a burn size greater than 10% were studied for the first 2 weeks. P-NT-proBNP changes were analyzed in relation to burn size, age, changes in body weight, C-reactive protein in plasma, and organ function assessed as Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS: P-NT-proBNP showed large day-to-day and between patient variations. Daily change in body weight correlated with P-NT-proBNP only on Day 2, when maximum mobilization of edema occurred. Thereafter, P-NT-proBNP correlated with C-reactive protein in plasma as well as with SOFA scores. Burn size correlated with maximal weight change, which in turn correlated with both time for and value of maximum P-NT-proBNP. Maximal P-NT-proBNP was related to mortality and correlated better with SOFA score on Day 14 compared with age and burn size. In linear regressions, together with age at injury and total body surface area, P-NT-proBNP assessed on Days 3 to 8 was an independent predictor for every subsequent SOFA score measured one or more days later up to Day 14. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSION: P-NT-proBNP exhibited considerable interindividual and day-to-day variations. Values were related to mortality, burn size, water accumulation, posttraumatic response, and organ function. Maximum P-NT-proBNP correlated stronger with length of stay and with organ function on Day 14, compared with age and burn size. High values in Days 3 through 8 were also independent predictors of subsequent organ function up to 2 weeks after injury. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74: 855-861.
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| 8. |
- Lindahl, Andreas E, et al.
(author)
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Plasma chromogranin A after severe burn trauma
- 2013
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In: Neuropeptides. - : Elsevier. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 47:3, s. 207-212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Chromogranin A (CgA) in plasma (P-CgA), a neuroendocrine marker of sympathetic stress, has been shown to predict mortality in medical intensive care. We hypothesized that the magnitude of CgA release would reflect stress load, and thereby injury severity in burn intensive care patients. Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients with a burn area exceeding 10% were included. P-CgA was measured twice daily for seven days after injury. The point value at 24 h, the mean and maximum values and the AUC at days 1-7, were tested as possible predictors. Injury severity in the form of organ dysfunction was measured as SOFA score at day 7. Results: P-CgA could be classified into two types with respect to variability over time. Patients with high variability had more deep injuries and were older than those with low variability. All measures of CgA correlated with SOFA score at day 7, but not with total burn size. Univariate regressions showed that age, burn size and three of four measures of P-CgA predicted organ dysfunction. Multiple regressions showed that age, burn size, and either P-CgA at 24 h, the mean value up to day 7, or the maximum value up to day 7, were independent predictors for organ dysfunction. Significant organ dysfunction was best predicted by age, burn area and the CgA point value at 24 h with an AUC value of 0.91 in a ROC-analysis. Conclusions: The extent of neuroendocrine activation assessed as P-CgA after a major burn injury is independently related to organ dysfunction.
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| 9. |
- Lindahl, Filip, et al.
(author)
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Assessing paediatric scald injuries using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging
- 2013
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In: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 39:4, s. 662-666
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe use of objective methods for assessment of burns is limited. Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a non-invasive technique for instant measurement of tissue perfusion, making it potentially valuable for early prediction of burn wound outcome.AimTo evaluate the influence of technical factors on perfusion and to measure perfusion in burns 0–14 days post-burn and compare this with the outcome of the burn wound at 14 days after burn.MethodThe effect of room light, camera distance and camera angle was studied using a suspension of polystyrene particles. LSCI measurements were performed on 45 scald burns and 32 uninjured areas 0–14 days after burn.ResultTechnical factors had no clinically relevant effect on measured perfusion. Burns that healed within 14 days had a higher perfusion during the first week post-burn than burns that healed after 14 days or underwent surgery. The difference in perfusion was largest 4–7 days after burn.ConclusionLSCI allows for robust, instant measurement of burns and can easily be applied in a clinical setting. Differences in perfusion during the first week post-burn are related to the outcome after 14 days.
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| 10. |
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