| 1. |
- Adermon, Adrian, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Dynastic Human Capital, Inequality, and Intergenerational Mobility
- 2021
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In: American Economic Review. - : American Economic Association. - 0002-8282 .- 1944-7981. ; 111:5, s. 1523-1548
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We estimate long-run intergenerational persistence in human capital using information on outcomes for the extended family: the dynasty. A dataset including the entire Swedish population, linking four generations, allows us to identify parents' siblings and cousins, their spouses, and spouses' siblings. Using various human capital measures, we show that traditional parent-child estimates underestimate long-run intergenerational persistence by at least one-third. By adding outcomes for more distant ancestors, we show that almost all of the persistence is captured by the parental generation. Data on adoptees show that at least one-third of -long-term persistence is attributed to environmental factors.
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| 2. |
- Adermon, Adrian, et al.
(author)
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Intergenerational wealth mobility and the role of inheritance: Evidence from multiple generations
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study estimates intergenerational correlations in mid-life wealth across three generations, and a young fourth generation, and examines how much of the parent-child association that can be explained by inheritances. Using a Swedish data set we find parent-child rank correlations of 0.3–0.4 and grandparents-grandchild rank correlations of 0.1–0.2. Conditional on parents’ wealth, grandparents’ wealth is weakly positively associated with grandchild’s wealth and the parent-child correlation is basically unchanged if we control for grandparents’ wealth. Bequests and gifts strikingly account for at least 50 per cent of the parent-child wealth correlation while earnings and education are only able to explain 25 per cent.
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| 3. |
- Adermon, Adrian, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Intergenerational Wealth Mobility and the Role of Inheritance: Evidence from Multiple Generations
- 2018
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In: Economic Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0013-0133 .- 1468-0297. ; 128:612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study estimates intergenerational wealth correlations across up to four generations and examines the degree to which the wealth association between parents and children can be explained by inheritances. Using a Swedish data set with newly hand-collected data on wealth and bequests, we find parent-child rank correlations of 0.3-0.4 and grandparent-grandchild rank correlations of 0.1-0.2. Bequests and gifts appear to be central in this process, accounting for at least half of the parent-child wealth correlation while earnings and education can account for only a quarter.
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| 4. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Distributional preferences in adolescent peer networks
- 2023
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In: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 26, s. 223-248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study distributional preferences in adolescent peer networks. Using incentivized choices between allocations for themselves and a passive agent, children are classified into efficiency-loving, inequality-loving, inequality-averse, and spiteful types. We find that pairs of students who report a friendship link are more likely to exhibit the same preference type than other students who attend the same school. The relation between types is almost completely driven by inequality-loving and spiteful types. The role of peer networks in explaining distributional preferences goes beyond network composition effects. A low rank in academic performance and a central position within the network relate positively to a higher likelihood of being classified as spiteful. Hence, social hierarchies seem to be correlated with distributional preference types.
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| 5. |
- Björkegren, Evelina, et al.
(author)
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Pre- and Post-Birth Components of Intergenerational Persistence in Health and Longevity: Lessons from a Large Sample of Adoptees
- 2022
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In: The Journal of human resources. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 57:1, s. 112-142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use a large sample of Swedish-born adoptees and their biological and adopting parents to decompose the persistence in health inequality across generations into pre-birth and post-birth components. We use three sets of measures for health outcomes in the second generation: mortality, measures based on data on hospitalization and, finally, measures using birth outcomes for the third generation. The results show that all of the persistence in mortality is transmitted solely via pre-birth factors, while the results for the hospitalization measures suggest that at least three quarters of the intergenerational persistence in health is attributable to the biological parents.
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| 6. |
- Borcan, Oana, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Fighting Corruption in Education: What Works and Who Benefits?
- 2017
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In: American Economic Journal-Economic Policy. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7731 .- 1945-774X. ; 9:1, s. 180-209
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the efficiency and distributional consequences of a corruptionfighting initiative in Romania targeting the endemic fraud in a high-stakes high school exit exam, which introduced CCTV monitoring of the exam and credible punishment threats. We find that punishment coupled with monitoring was effective in reducing corruption. Estimating the heterogeneous impact for students of different ability, poverty status, and gender, we show that fighting corruption led to efficiency gains (ability predicts exam outcomes better) but also to a worrisome score gap increase between poor and non-poor students. Consequently,the poor students have reduced chances to enter an elite university.
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| 7. |
- Böhlmark, Anders, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Parental choice, neighbourhood segregation or cream skimming? : An analysis of school segregation after a generalized choice reform
- 2016
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In: Journal of Population Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-1433 .- 1432-1475. ; 29:4, s. 1155-1190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper studies the evolution of school segregation in Sweden in the aftermath of the 1992 universal voucher reform, which spurred the establishment of new independent schools and introduced parental choice. We assess the relative importance of neighbourhood segregation, parental choice and the location of independent schools for school segregation. In particular, we exploit variation in school choice opportunities across municipalities and provide descriptive evidence that in regions where school choice has become more prevalent, school segregation between immigrants and natives, and between children of high/low educated parents, has increased more than in regions where choice is limited. This result also holds when we account for residential segregation and focus on excess segregation over and above the segregation that would occur if all pupils attended their assigned schools. We find that the increase in school segregation 15 years after the reform that can be attributed to choice is relatively small.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of a sound environment intervention in an ICU : A feasibility study
- 2018
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In: Australian Critical Care. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1036-7314 .- 1878-1721. ; 31:2, s. 59-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Currently, it is well known that the sound environment in intensive care units (ICU) is substandard. Therefore, there is a need of interventions investigating possible improvements. Unfortunately, there are many challenges to consider in the design and performance of clinical intervention studies including sound measurements and clinical outcomes.Objectives: (1) explore whether it is possible to implement a full-scale intervention study in the ICU concerning sound levels and their impact on the development of ICU delirium; (2) discuss methodological challenges and solutions for the forthcoming study; (3) conduct an analysis of the presence of ICU delirium in the study group; and (4) describe the sound pattern in the intervention rooms.Methods: A quasi-randomized clinical trial design was chosen. The intervention consisted of a refurbished two-bed ICU patient room (experimental) with a new suspended wall-to-wall ceiling and a low frequency absorber. An identical two-bed room (control) remained unchanged.Inclusion criteria: Patients >18 years old with ICU lengths of stay (LoS) >48. h. The final study group consisted of 31 patients: six from the rebuilt experimental room and 25 from the control room. Methodological problems and possible solutions were continuously identified and documented.Results: Undertaking a full-scale intervention study with continuous measurements of acoustic data in an ICU is possible. However, this feasibility study demonstrated some aspects to consider before start. The randomization process and the sound measurement procedure must be developed. Furthermore, proper education and training are needed for determining ICU delirium.Conclusion: This study raises a number of points that may be helpful for future complex interventions in an ICU. For a full-scale study to be completed a continuously updated cost calculation is necessary. Furthermore, representatives from the clinic need to be involved in all stages during the project.
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| 10. |
- Lindahl, Mikael, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Parental Influences on Health and Longevity: Lessons from a Large Sample of Adoptees
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To what extent is the length of our lives determined by pre-birth factors? And to what extent is it affected by parental resources during our upbringing that can be influenced by public policy? We study the formation of adult health and mortality using data on about 21,000 adoptees born between 1940 and 1967. The data include detailed information on both biological and adopting parents. We find that the health of the biological parents affects the health of their adopted children. Thus, we confirm that genes and conditions in utero are important intergenerational transmission channels for long-term health. However, we also find strong evidence that the educational attainment of the adopting mother has a significant impact on the health of her adoptive children, suggesting that family environment and resources in the post-birth years have long-term consequences for children’s health.
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