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| 2. |
- Khoshtariya, D. E., et al.
(författare)
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Two-electron transfer for Tl(aq)(3+)/Tl(aq)(+) revisited. Common virtual Tl-II-Tl-III (4+) intermediate for homogeneous (superexchange) and electrode (sequential) mechanisms
- 2002
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 41:7, s. 1728-1738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homogeneous and electrochemical two-electron transfers within the TI(aq)(3+)/TI(aq)(+) couple are considered on a common conceptual basis. For the 2 equiv electrochemical reduction of TI(aq)(3) to TI(aq)(+), the intermediate state with a formal reduction potential, E-1* = 1.04 +/- 0.10 V vs the normal hydrogen electrode, was detected, different from the established value of 0.33 V for a TI3+/TI2+ couple. Examination of obtained electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode techniques, along with the CV-curve computer simulation procedure) and literature data indicate that the detected formal potential cannot be the property of electrode-adsorbed species, but rather of the covalently interacting dithallium intermediate [TI11-TI11](4+) located at the outer Helmholtz plane. The analysis of microscopic mechanisms, based on the recent hypothesis of H. Taube and the Marcus-Hush theory extended by Zusman and Beratan, and Koper and Schmickler, revealed that the homogeneous process most probably takes place through the superexchange inner-sphere two-electron-transfer mechanism, via an essentially virtual (undetectable) dithallium intermediate. In contrast, the electrochemical process occurs through a sequential mechanism, via the rate-determining step of TI(aq)(2+) ion formation immediately followed by activationless formation of the metastable (CV-active) dithallium state. The second electrochemical electron-transfer step is fast, and shows up only in the peak height (but not in the shape) of the observed CV cathodic wave, The anodic wave for a microscopically reverse process of the oxidation of TI(aq)(+) to TI(aq)(3+) cannot be observed within the considered potential range due to the blocking of through-space electron transfer by the competitor process of ion transfer to the electrode.
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| 4. |
- Lindbergh, Lars, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Study of Industrial Services in the U.S. and Sweden : Profitability, Productivity and Pricing
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Marketing. - 0891-1762 .- 1528-6975. ; 14:4, s. 67-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrialized countries now depend on the service sector, especially industrial services, for a significant portion of employment and GDP. Despite this importance, there has been little attention given to comparative studies in this area. Cross-sectional, financial data from Swedish and U.S. industrial service sectors were used to assess the dependence of profitability on four strategic factors--relative market share, revenue/employee, investment intensity, and segment growth rate. Both market share and revenue/employee were statistically significant in U.S. performance. Swedish results suggested that market share was not a significant contributor to a profitable strategy. Investment intensity and revenue/ employee, however, were significant contributions to profitability. These results, coupled with structural observations on production sectors, suggest that significant differences may indeed occur in both productivity and pricing in the two systems.
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| 5. |
- Lindbergh, Lars, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Cost Control and Revenue Generation : The Case of Public Housing Companies Experiences in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Regional studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 38:7, s. 803-815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased competition for funds associated with the provision of public-sector housing, stock privatization, and attempts to introduce more tenant-centred and effective housing management services are trends seen in social housing throughout the European Union. Consequently, studies have been done that compare programmes worldwide and in Europe, or analyse changes in single countries. The Swedish system has received attention because of its long-term viability. An ordinary least-squares analysis of financial information from providers in this system has been made with special regard to revenue generation capabilities, the ability to remain profitable, and the retention of asset values for both level and first difference approaches. If one general lesson can be drawn from the empirical results, it would be that expenditures on consolidated maintenance are associated not only with short- term rental revenues, but also undoubtedly with long-term viability. Further, first difference results suggested that negotiated rents produced operating profits that kept pace with revenues over that period of the study. The results should be especially relevant to the interests of a wide range of local governments where public housing is of concern. In particular, those individuals bearing greater responsibility for running self-sufficient systems and also policy-makers interested in running efficient, effective systems should be interested in these observations.
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| 6. |
- Lindbergh, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Project Ålidhem : a case study of a sustainable Swedish municipal public housing installation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; 121, s. 11-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A refurbishment project conducted within a municipal public housing complex is described and discussed through Project Ålidhem in northern Sweden. The overall energy efficiency goal within the project was a 40-50% reduction in the supplied energy for domestic hot water, building electricity and space heating. In the pilot study, a 43% improvement was observed. This paper focuses on the performance of four buildings constructed under a Delegation for Sustainable Cities program that specified an energy efficiency goal of 65 kWh/m2. This goal was approached, but not attained. Observations of utilization in four free-standing buildings were 68.3, 76.8, 87.2 and 87.6 kWh/m2 per year respectively, which are described and discussed herein.
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| 7. |
- Lindbergh, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish sustainability through a Zhang and London lens
- 2016
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Ingår i: Competitiveness Review. - 1059-5422 .- 2051-3143. ; 26:4, s. 370-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe how sustainable development has been initiated in a country (Sweden) in which sustainable development has priority and has produced observable results – essentially the definition and reshaping of contents (p. 107) referred to in the ZL paper therefore adding some validity to the model.Method: The research is both exploratory and qualitative in nature and utilizes an in-depth case study approach to the Swedish international economy as might be reflected by Zhang and London’s modified Porter model. Information drawn from current secondary sources is complemented by personal contemporaneous observations of individuals in the country of interest. Findings: The task of implementing Sweden’s strategy for sustainable development is holistic and the State has played a major role in its development. That is, sustainability is the responsibility of the Government Offices as a whole, which produces proactive programs in each of the interactions analyzed in the Zhang and London modified model. As an aside, the country has sustained a high level of competitiveness while producing a pleasant environment in which to live.Practical implications: Insofar as Sweden might be a model for other countries interested in extending their efforts in sustainable development, observations here provide some insights into possible approaches and results. Originality/value: The approach basically followed Siggelkow’s (2007) definition of the use of cases as illustrations, which is useful when the underlying development depends upon constructs. It follows that the association of real-world observations with theory well serves the underlying foundation and cannot help but build credibility of those concepts and theory.
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| 9. |
- Wilson, Timothy L., 1938-, et al.
(författare)
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The continued progression of Sweden's sustainable (green) economy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pennsylvania Economic Association 2019 Conference Proceedings (In press). - : Pennsylvania Economic Association. ; , s. 410-419
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The task of implementing Sweden's strategy for sustainable development has had a holistic approach and the State has played a major role in its development. The framework for this paper comes from a recent publication that associates sustain ability with Zhang and London’s modified Porter model and discusses current Swedish developments in municipal public housing, domestic air transportation and wood products. Insofar as Sweden might be a model for extending efforts in sustainable development, observations here provide some insight into possible approaches and results, particularly so in the U.S. current interest in a "Green Bill of Rights".
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