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- Andersson, Eva A, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Maximal Aerobic Power versus Performance in Two Aerobic Endurance Tests among Young and Old Adults
- 2011
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In: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; :Aug, s. 1-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Aerobic fitness is of great value for reducing risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the performance in and correlations between a new test (five-minute pyramid test, 5MPT), the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) among old and young adults. Methods: Forty-four habitually active adults (females and males), 23 old (64-79 years) and 21 young (20-32 years) participated. In the 5MPT, the participants moved back and forth along a short walkway (5.5 m) over boxes (height: 'old people' 0.42 m, 'young people' 0.62 m) arranged like an elongated step pyramid for 5 min. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT(power)) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body weight, gravity and highest box level divided by time. A 6MWT and a maximal cycle ergometer test for direct measurements of VO(2max) were also performed. In all tests heart rate, with on-line electrocardiography, and perceived exertion were recorded. Results: There was a strong correlation between the 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) for the entire group studied (r = 0.98), and each of the four subgroups old and young females and males separately (r = 0.78-0.98). Contrary to several earlier studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data showed that 6MWT cannot be used to predict VO(2max) among old females and young adults. The correlation with VO(2max) was weaker for the 6MWT than for the 5MPT(power). The relative performance values for the old compared to the young (ratio old/young × 100) were considerably lower in 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) (47-55%) than in distance and 'work' in the 6MWT (82-86%). Conclusions: The results, with age and gender variations, can be valuable information in health-fitness contexts, since measuring physical aerobic capacity is very significant in connection with risk evaluations of mortality and various diseases. The 5MPT is a rapid, functional, easy and inexpensive tool for predicting assessed maximal aerobic power.
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| 2. |
- Gode, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Miljövärdering av energilösningar i byggnader
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det ställs allt högre krav på byggnaders energiprestanda. Detta tillsammans med exempelvis gynnsamma priser på solceller och statliga bidrag innebär att investeringarna i småskaliga energilösningar på eller invid byggnader har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren. Många småskaliga energilösningar är väderberoende och producerar elen och/eller värmen just när väderförutsättningarna är rätt. Det behöver inte sammanfalla med de tidpunkter då byggnaden har behov av el/värme. Vilka konsekvenser detta får för energisystemen har hittills i princip uteslutande analyserats baserat på årsvärden. Ibland tas inte heller någon hänsyn till hur energisystemet utvecklas över åren, alltså från installation av energilösningen till dess livslängds slut. I denna rapport presenterar vi en helt ny metod för att analysera miljökonsekvenserna av byggnaders energilösningar där tiden har ett framstående fokus. Metoden ska visa på effekterna av olika val och ge underlag för planering av byggnaders energilösningar. Därför har utgångspunkten varit att analysera konsekvenser av förändrad energianvändning, alltså en jämförelse av olika energilösningar mot en referens. I miljövärderingstermer brukar detta kallas konsekvensanalys. Energilösningar kan vara både lösningar för energieffektivitet och för produktion av förnyelsebar energi. Med metoden jämförs energilösningar för en byggnad mot en referensbyggnad. En procedur i åtta steg har utvecklats för att beräkna, analysera och jämföra olika energilösningar.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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Ekologisk kompensation som styrmedel i kommunal planering
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Projektet har undersökt erfarenheter av och förutsättningar för att tillämpa ekologisk kompensation inom ramen för den kommunala planeringen. Inom olika delstudier har projektet undersökt ekologisk kompensation som styrmedel, tillämpningen av skadelindringshierarkin, utformningen av kompensationsmodeller och rutiner, användningen av olika modeller för beräkning av förluster och vinster inom kompensationsprojekt, samt allmänhetens preferenser för olika kompensationsalternativ. Projektet har genomförts i nära samarbete med Helsingborgs och Lomma kommun, och Kommunförbundet Skåne har varit projektets kommunikationspartner och arrangör av flera större möten och workshopar med tjänstemän från många kommuner i Skåne. ...
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| 5. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, et al.
(author)
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Ekologisk kompensation som styrmedel i kommunal planering
- 2021
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Projektet har undersökt erfarenheter av och förutsättningar för att tillämpa ekologisk kompensation inom ramen för den kommunala planeringen. Inom olika delstudier har projektet undersökt ekologisk kompensation som styrmedel, tillämpningen av skadelindringshierarkin, utformningen av kompensationsmodeller och rutiner, användningen av olika modeller för beräkning av förluster och vinster inom kompensationsprojekt, samt allmänhetens preferenser för olika kompensationsalternativ. Projektet har genomförts i nära samarbete med Helsingborgs och Lomma kommun, och Kommunförbundet Skåne har varit projektets kommunikationspartner och arrangör av flera större möten och workshopar med tjänstemän från många kommuner i Skåne. ...
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| 6. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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Environmental compensation as a policy tool in Swedish municipal planning
- 2019
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the struggle to reach the national environmental policy objectives, environmental compensation has emerged as a possible policy tool that may contribute to achieving the objectives. In Sweden, environmental compensation is legally mandated mainly in cases of exploitation within Natura 2000 areas and nature reserves, which is handled through the Swedish Environmental Code. In contrast, regulatory support is weak when it comes to compensation for impacts arising from municipal development (e.g., housing, schools, hospitals, local roads, etc), even though detailed development planning is required through the Planning and Building Act. Despite this, some municipalities have voluntarily mainstreamed environmental compensation into their planning processes. In the research project ”MuniComp” (2018-2020) we investigate the more progressive use of environmental compensation in planning in two Southern Swedish municipalities, Lomma and Helsingborg (in the province of Skåne). We analyze the models and processes of compensation used, and planning cases where compensation have been applied, in terms of general aspects and criteria for environmental compensation and in light of the constraints of the Swedish legislative context. In the presentation, the compensation models and some of the results from the compensation cases will be presented.
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| 7. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, et al.
(author)
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Environmental compensation as a policy tool in Swedish municipal planning
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the struggle to reach the national environmental policy objectives, environmental compensation has emerged as a possible policy tool that may contribute to achieving the objectives. In Sweden, environmental compensation is legally mandated mainly in cases of exploitation within Natura 2000 areas and nature reserves, which is handled through the Swedish Environmental Code. In contrast, regulatory support is weak when it comes to compensation for impacts arising from municipal development (e.g., housing, schools, hospitals, local roads, etc), even though detailed development planning is required through the Planning and Building Act. Despite this, some municipalities have voluntarily mainstreamed environmental compensation into their planning processes. In the research project ”MuniComp” (2018-2020) we investigate the more progressive use of environmental compensation in planning in two Southern Swedish municipalities, Lomma and Helsingborg (in the province of Skåne). We analyze the models and processes of compensation used, and planning cases where compensation have been applied, in terms of general aspects and criteria for environmental compensation and in light of the constraints of the Swedish legislative context. In the presentation, the compensation models and some of the results from the compensation cases will be presented.
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| 8. |
- Krogvold, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Pleconaril and ribavirin in new-onset type 1 diabetes: a phase 2 randomized trial
- 2023
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In: Nature Medicine. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 29, s. 2902-2908
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies showed a low-grade enterovirus infection in the pancreatic islets of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) Intervention, a phase 2, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group, double-blind trial, 96 children and adolescents (aged 6-15 years) with new-onset T1D received antiviral treatment with pleconaril and ribavirin (n = 47) or placebo (n = 49) for 6 months, with the aim of preserving beta cell function. The primary endpoint was the mean stimulated C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) 12 months after the initiation of treatment (less than 3 weeks after diagnosis) using a mixed linear model. The model used longitudinal log-transformed serum C-peptide AUCs at baseline, at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The primary endpoint was met with the serum C-peptide AUC being higher in the pleconaril and ribavirin treatment group compared to the placebo group at 12 months (average marginal effect = 0.057 in the linear mixed model; 95% confidence interval = 0.004-0.11, P = 0.037). The treatment was well tolerated. The results show that antiviral treatment may preserve residual insulin production in children and adolescent with new-onset T1D. This provides a rationale for further evaluating antiviral strategies in the prevention and treatment of T1D. European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials identifier: 2015-003350-41. Results from the DiViD Intervention, a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial, showed that antiviral treatment with pleconaril and ribavirin for 6 months resulted in higher endogenous insulin production in children and adolescents with new-onset type 1 diabetes.
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| 9. |
- Kroon, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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PPARγ and PPARα synergize to induce robust browning of white fat in vivo
- 2020
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In: Molecular Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8778. ; 36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key transcription factors that regulate adipose development and function, and the conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes. Here we investigated whether PPARα and PPARγ activation synergize to induce the browning of white fat. Methods: A selection of PPAR activators was tested for their ability to induce the browning of both mouse and human white adipocytes in vitro, and in vivo in lean and obese mice. Results: All dual PPARα/γ activators tested robustly increased uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression in both mouse and human adipocytes in vitro, with tesaglitazar leading to the largest Ucp1 induction. Importantly, dual PPARα/γ activator tesaglitazar strongly induced browning of white fat in vivo in both lean and obese male mice at thermoneutrality, greatly exceeding the increase in Ucp1 observed with the selective PPARγ activator rosiglitazone. While selective PPARγ activation was sufficient for the conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes in vitro, dual PPARα/γ activation was superior to selective PPARγ activation at inducing white fat browning in vivo. Mechanistically, the superiority of dual PPARα/γ activators is mediated at least in part via a PPARα-driven increase in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Combined treatment with rosiglitazone and FGF21 resulted in a synergistic increase in Ucp1 mRNA levels both in vitro and in vivo. Tesaglitazar-induced browning was associated with increased energy expenditure, enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced liver steatosis, and an overall improved metabolic profile compared to rosiglitazone and vehicle control groups. Conclusions: PPARγ and PPARα synergize to induce robust browning of white fat in vivo, via PPARγ activation in adipose, and PPARα-mediated increase in FGF21. © 2020 The Authors
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| 10. |
- Perera, Nirmala, et al.
(author)
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Illness prevalence and symptoms in youth floorball players : a one-season prospective cohort study involving 471 players
- 2021
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 2044-6055. ; 11:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To describe weekly illness prevalence and illness symptoms by sex in youth floorball players during one season. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Players who were registered to play community level floorball during the 2017-2018 season (26 weeks) in two provinces in southern Sweden. Participants 471 youth players aged 12-17 years. Mean (SD) age for 329 male players 13.3 (1.0) years and 142 female players 13.7 (1.5) years. Primary and secondary outcome measures Weekly self-reported illness prevalence and illness symptoms according to the 2020 International Olympic Committees consensus recommendations. Results 61% of youth floorball players reported at least one illness week during the season, with an average weekly illness prevalence of 12% (95% Cl 10.8% to 12.3%). The prevalence was slightly higher among females (13%, 95% CI 11.6% to 14.3%) than males (11%, 95% Cl 9.9% to 11.7%), prevalence rate ratio 1.20 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.37, p=0.009). In total, 49% (53% male, 43% female) of illness reports indicated that the player could not participate in floorball (time loss), with a mean (SD) absence of 2.0 (1.7) days per illness week. Fever (30%), sore throat (16%) and cough (14%) were the most common symptoms. Female players more often reported difficulty in breathing/tight airways and fainting, and male players more often reported coughing, feeling tired/ feverish and headache. Illness prevalence was highest in the peak winter months (late January/February) reaching 15%-18% during this period. Conclusions Our novel findings of the illness prevalence and symptoms in youth floorball may help direct prevention strategies. Athletes, coaches, parents and support personnel need to be educated about risk mitigation strategies.
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