| 1. |
- Björkström, Niklas K, et al.
(author)
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Rapid expansion and long-term persistence of elevated NK cell numbers in humans infected with hantavirus
- 2011
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In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 208:1, s. 13-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Natural killer (NK) cells are known to mount a rapid response to several virus infections. In experimental models of acute viral infection, this response has been characterized by prompt NK cell activation and expansion followed by rapid contraction. In contrast to experimental model systems, much less is known about NK cell responses to acute viral infections in humans. We demonstrate that NK cells can rapidly expand and persist at highly elevated levels for >60 d after human hantavirus infection. A large part of the expanding NK cells expressed the activating receptor NKG2C and were functional in terms of expressing a licensing inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and ability to respond to target cell stimulation. These results demonstrate that NK cells can expand and remain elevated in numbers for a prolonged period of time in humans after a virus infection. In time, this response extends far beyond what is considered normal for an innate immune response.
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| 2. |
- Danley, Therese, 1986-
(author)
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Rough starts and tough times : geographies of workers and firms in transition
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Economic change can lead to multiple and sometimes conflicting outcomes for workers, employers, and regions. At the center of economic change are the dynamic interactions among diverse workers and firms in specific labor market contexts. This thesis approached those spatial interactions from the perspective of labor market matching, where the different opportunities for workers and firms to match were investigated. This adds to the growing body of literature that seeks to understand what factors are behind the growing regional divergence in earnings and employment, and who is particularly impacted by the uneven labor market changes. To this end, the aim of this thesis was to analyze the regional patterns and outcomes for workers and firms in the labor market matching process. Four quantitative studies were conducted using data from Swedish administrative registers from 1995 to 2012. Given that the dynamics of labor market matching are complex, the studies approached the aim from different angles and for different groups of workers. In particular, the outcomes and patterns were investigated in relation to crucial periods for workers and firms, where frictions in labor market matching could potentially have particularly negative effects. The studies investigated earnings, employment, and hiring for young workers in low-paid jobs, for workers displaced by firm closures, and for new firms competing for survival. The empirical results indicate the importance of a flexible labor market that facilitates the matching process where individuals' existing competencies can be applied and developed. This is a particular challenge for workers who lose their jobs to establishment closures outside the large regions, since the results show that worse job matches and less productive re-employment opportunities are more common and can have particularly negative consequences in smaller and more peripheral regions. However, even if there are more job opportunities in larger regions, the results suggest the opportunities are not necessarily accessible to everyone. Results indicate that workers in low-wage jobs do not benefit from a boost in earnings in larger regions, which may put them in a precarious situation considering the higher cost of living in those regions. Lastly, the thesis highlights the importance of not only individual human capital in determining a job match, but also its relational dimension which captures how well different workers’ skills are matched to one another in the workplace. This was found to be associated with individual earnings recovery after plant closure and new firm survival. The findings call for policies that carefully combine supply- and demand-side approaches in economic development.
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| 3. |
- Enarsson, Therese, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Free speech or hate speech? : A legal analysis of the discourse about Roma on Twitter
- 2019
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In: Information & communications technology law. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1360-0834 .- 1469-8404. ; 28:1, s. 1-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article draws on material gathered from Swedish tweets about the Roma population, in order to map different discourses. Based on this material, a legal analysis was made focusing on how the legal protection under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Swedish law for such types of expression may vary depending on the wider discursive context. This article concludes that the legal protection for hateful expressions against for instance Roma, will vary depending on the discursive context. When the expression is a direct part of a political discussion, the protection of freedom of expression will be higher. However, emphasis must also be placed on the aim, value, and accuracy of the statement, even in a political context. This will increase the possibilities to legally intervene against speech that may perhaps be triggered by an ongoing political debate, but is hateful and without value to that debate.
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| 4. |
- Jansson, Märit, et al.
(author)
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A review of the concept 'management' in relation to urban landscapes and green spaces: Toward a holistic understanding
- 2012
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In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 11, s. 139-145
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The management of urban landscapes concerns existing urban open spaces such as public parks, playgrounds and residential green spaces. It involves many different actors and organizations and its practice is of importance for the sustainable development of cities. As a research field, it needs further theoretical development and common definitions. For example, the central term 'management' is seldom defined in the relevant literature regarding an urban landscape context, and public participation in management processes is unusual. This paper introduces urban landscape management as an overarching concept that brings together knowledge about management of urban landscapes from fields such as urban forestry, park management and landscape planning. Based on a literature review, a common understanding of management in an urban landscape context is proposed, including organizational and strategic aspects of managerial activities. Our approach is that urban landscapes are ultimately managed to provide user benefits. Urban landscape management can be viewed as a complex process that includes a number of different actors, elements and relationships, mutually affecting each other. This view supports future studies of urban landscape management and its role in sustainable urban development. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Impacts of RPA on employees skill variety
- 2020
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In: AMCIS 2020 PROCEEDINGS. - : ASSOC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. - 9781733632546
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we present a literature review on automation and robotic process automation (RPA). The review is developed into a conceptual framework that is grounded in a job characteristics model. The framework is used for analyzing empirical data from eleven semi-structured interviews in organizations that has adopted RPA. The research question explored is: How do employees perceive changes that Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has on their job characteristics? From the empirical data some conclusions can be drawn; the main conclusion being that the use of RPA has generated effects for the job characteristic "skill variety". In line with the literature, this conclusion suggests that RPA results in an upskilling, and that employees perceive an increased level of job enlargement, as well as job satisfaction, due to these changes.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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PCR-generated linear DNA fragments utilized as a hantavirus DNA vaccine
- 2002
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In: Vaccine. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 20:27-28, s. 3379-3388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The field of DNA vaccines has grown rapidly, and since most such vaccines involve the inoculation of large circular DNA molecules previously propagated in bacteria, several inconveniences (e.g. the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, impurities from bacterial cultures or inefficient uptake of the large and bulky plasmid DNA molecules to the nucleus) are debated. In this study, we have explored the possibility of using smaller and more flexible PCR-generated linear DNA fragments instead. Phosphorothioate (PTO)-modified primers were used successfully to protect the PCR-generated DNA fragments from exonuclease degradation, and by using a nuclear localization signal-peptide to target the linear DNA to the nucleus the immune response against the encoded antigen was further improved. This approach was tested in cell culture using a sensitive reporter system and in vivo with DNA encoding the amino-terminus of the Puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein. Our results indicate that linear DNA fragments have a great potential as a genetic vaccine and phosphorothioate modification in combination with a nuclear localization signal peptide increase the stability and targets the linear DNA molecules to the nucleus resulting in an improved biological response examined both in vitro and in vivo.
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| 8. |
- Klingström, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Sex-dependent differences in plasma cytokine responses to hantavirus infection
- 2008
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In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 15:5, s. 885-887
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are often sex differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases and in level of mortality after infection. These differences probably stem from sex-related abilities to mount proper or unwanted immune responses against an infectious agent. We report that hantavirus-infected female patients show significantly higher plasma levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9), fibroblast growth factor 2, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and lower levels of IL-8 and gamma interferon-induced protein 10 than male patients. The results demonstrate that a virus infection can induce sex-dependent differences in acute immune responses in humans. This finding may, at least partly, explain the observed sex differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases and in mortality following infection.
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| 9. |
- Lindgren, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Stakeholder analysis in public e-service development : exploring a possible research-practice gap
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Municipal development of public e-services in Sweden has been criticized by researchers for being steered by quantitative measures, rather than by the actual demands and needs of these services. The results are public e-services that few citizens use. Several scholars have urged municipalities to adopt a stakeholder approach to the development of e-services in order to better understand the actors involved in public e-service development, implementation, and use. The need for a deeper understanding of stakeholders and their various needs are recognized also by practitioners. There are several analytical tools for stakeholder analysis presented by researchers, but these have not yet been widely adopted by practitioners. We present preliminary results from a workshop, with practitioners engaged in public e-service development, designed to investigate this possible research-practice gap. By asking practitioners to react on scholarly work designed for their practice, we investigate their perceptions on a research-based text and their view on its possible utility in their everyday work. The preliminary results show that there are indeed challenges concerning communicating analytical tools, authored by and for researchers, to practitioners. Some tips on how to adjust scholarly text to better fit practitioners needs are extracted and presented, and the paper is concluded with suggestions on how to further explore this knowledge domain.
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| 10. |
- Lindgren, Louise, et al.
(author)
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“Navigating in a maze without a map“. Partners’ experiences of hyperemesis gravidarum- a qualitative study
- 2024
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In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: A supportive environment for women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum is crucial but not always provided. There is a lack of research regarding Hyperemesis Gravidarum, its impact on the family, and the partner's perception of supporting their spouse. Thus, this study aims to explore partners’ experiences of Hyperemesis Gravidarum during their spousés pregnancy.Methods: Data were gathered through 13 individual, semi-structured, in-depth, digital interviews with partners of women who had experienced Hyperemesis Gravidarum and analysed with Qualitative Content Analysis. The partners were recruited through advertisement on a social media platform and were exclusively males, representing 8 of 21 Swedish regions. The mean age was 34, and they had, on average, 1 previous child. The mean time from the experience to the interview was 12 months.Findings: The main theme, “Navigating in a maze without a map”, explains partners’ situation as stressful and demanding when their spouse suffers from Hyperemesis Gravidarum, with insufficient support and guidance from healthcare providers. The analysis resulted in three themes: “Standing alone with a demanding responsibility”, “Being in a lottery when facing healthcare”, and “Climbing the mountain together.” The themes display challenges within everyday life and healthcare, as well as strained relations within the family.Conclusion: Partners experience a need to support their spouse in every aspect of daily life and advocate for adequate healthcare. Healthcare professionals must support and acknowledge the partners' struggles during the demanding situation with Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
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