| 1. |
- Lindquist, Matthew J., 1965-, et al.
(author)
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The Dynamics of Child Poverty in Sweden
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to study (empirically) the dynamics of child poverty in Sweden, the quintessential welfare state. We find that 1 out of every 5 children is disposable income poor at least once during his or her childhood, while only 2 percent of all children are chronically poor. We also document a strong life-cycle profile for child poverty. Approximately 8.6 percent of all children are born into poverty. The average poverty rate then drops to about 7.5 percent among 1- year old children. After which, it declines (monotonically) to about 3.8 percent among 17-year olds. Children in Sweden are largely protected (economically) from a number of quite serious events, such as parental unemployment, sickness and death. Family dissolution and long-term unemployment, however, do push children into poverty. But for most of these children, poverty is only temporary. Single mothers, for example, are overrepresented among the poor, but not among the chronically poor. Children with immigrant parents are strongly overrepresented among the chronically poor; as are children whose parents have unusually low educations. We argue that information about the dynamics of child poverty may help policy makers to construct more salient policies for fighting child poverty.
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| 2. |
- Lindquist, Matthew J., 1965-, et al.
(author)
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The Dynamics of Child Poverty in Sweden
- 2012
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In: Journal of Population Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-1433 .- 1432-1475. ; 25:4, s. 1423-1450
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper studies the dynamics of child poverty in Sweden. We find that one out of every five children is disposable income poor at least once during childhood, while only 2% are chronically poor. Children in Sweden are protected economically from many serious events such as parental sickness and death. Family dissolution and parental unemployment do push some children into poverty. However, these poverty spells are mostly temporary. Single mothers, for example, are overrepresented among the poor but not among the chronically poor. Children with immigrant parents are strongly overrepresented among the chronically poor.
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| 3. |
- Björklund, Anders, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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What More Than Parental Income, Education and Occupation? An Exploration of What Swedish Siblings Get from Their Parents : (Contributions), Article 102
- 2010
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In: The B.E. Journals in Economic Analysis & Policy. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2194-6108 .- 1935-1682. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sibling correlations are broader measures of the impact of family and community influences on individual outcomes than intergenerational correlations. Estimates of such correlations in income show that more than half of the family and community influences that siblings share are uncorrelated with parental income. We employ a data set with rich family information to explore what factors in addition to traditional measures of parents' socio-economic status can explain sibling similarity in long-run income. Measures of family structure and social problems account for very little of sibling similarities beyond that already accounted for by income, education and occupation. However, when we add indicators of parental involvement in schoolwork, parenting practices and maternal attitudes, the explanatory power of our variables increases from about one-quarter (using only traditional measures of parents' socio-economic status) to nearly two-thirds.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Corak, Miles, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of upward and downward intergenerational mobility in Canada, Sweden and the United States
- 2014
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In: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 30, s. 185-200
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use new estimators of directional rank mobility developed by Bhattacharya and Mazumder (2011) to compare rates of upward and downward intergenerational mobility across three countries: Canada, Sweden and the United States. These measures overcome some of the limitations of traditional measures of intergenerational mobility such as the intergenerational elasticity, which are not well suited for analyzing directional movements or for examining differences in mobility across the income distribution. Data for each country include highly comparable, administrative data sources containing sufficiently long time spans of earnings. Our most basic measures of directional mobility, which simply compare whether sons moved up or down in the earnings distribution relative to their fathers, do not differ much across the countries. However, we do find that there are clear differences in the extent of the movement. We find larger cross-country differences in downward mobility from the top of the distribution than upward mobility from the bottom. Canada has the most downward mobility while the U.S. has the least, with Sweden in the middle. We find some differences in upward mobility but these are somewhat smaller in magnitude. An important caveat is that our analysis may be sensitive to the concept of income we use and broader measures such as family income could lead to different conclusions. Also, small differences in rank mobility translate into rather large differences in absolute mobility measured in dollars, due to large differences in income inequality across countries.
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| 7. |
- Hjalmarsson, Randi, et al.
(author)
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Kan bättre hälsa minska brottslighet?
- 2022
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In: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 50:4, s. 30-43
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Samhället kan välja att bekämpa brott på många olika sätt. Vi beskriver hurinsatser som förbättrar hälsan hos befolkningen kan vara ett sätt att bekämpabrottslighet. En växande litteratur inom nationalekonomi som studerar kausalasamband visar att hälso- och sjukvård kan ha en rehabiliterande effekt för demed hög risk att begå brott. Vi presenterar även en ny svensk studie som visar attintagna som spenderade längre tid i fängelse, och därmed tog del av mer hälso-och sjukvård, hade bättre förutsättningar för en långsiktig fysisk och mentalhälsa utan att öka risken för återfall i brottslighe
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| 8. |
- Hjalmarsson, Randi, et al.
(author)
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Like Godfather, Like Son : Exploring the Intergenerational Nature of Crime
- 2012
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In: The Journal of human resources. - : University of Wisconsin Press. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 47:2, s. 550-582.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sons (daughters) with criminal fathers have 2.06 (2.66) times higher odds of having a criminal conviction than those with noncriminal fathers. One additional paternal sentence increases sons' (daughters') convictions by 32 (53) percent. Compared to traditional labor market measures, the intergenerational transmission of crime is lower than that for high school completion but higher than that for poverty At the intensive margin, the intergenerational crime relationship is as strong as those for earnings and years of schooling. Parental human capital and parental behaviors can account for 60-80 percent of the intergenerational crime relationship. Paternal role-modeling also matters.
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| 9. |
- Hjalmarsson, Randi, 1976, et al.
(author)
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The Effect of Education on Criminal Convictions and Incarceration: Causal Evidence from Micro-data
- 2015
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In: The Economic Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-0297 .- 0013-0133. ; 125:587, s. 1290-1326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article studies the causal effect of educational attainment on conviction and incarceration using Sweden's compulsory schooling reform as an instrument for years of schooling and a 70% sample from Sweden's Multigenerational Register matched with more than 30 years of administrative crime records. We find a significant negative effect of schooling on male convictions and incarceration; one additional year of schooling decreases the likelihood of conviction by 6.7% and incarceration by 15.5%. Though OLS estimates for females are of a similar magnitude to those for males, we find no evidence of a significant causal effect for women.
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| 10. |
- Hjalmarsson, Randi, 1976, et al.
(author)
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The Health Effects of Prisons
- 2022
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In: American Economic Journal-Applied Economics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 14:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper studies the health effects of Swedish prison reforms that held sentences constant but increased the share of time inmates had to serve. The increased time served did not harm post-release health and actually reduced mortality risk. We find especially large decreases in mortality for offenders not previously incarcerated, younger offenders, and those more attached to the labor market. Risk of suicide and circulatory death fell for inmates with mental health problems and older inmates, respectively. In-prison health care uti-lization and program participation increased with time served, sug-gesting health care treatment and services as the key mechanism for mortality declines.
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