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- Alenius, Lisa Smeds, et al.
(author)
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Between a rock and a hard place : Registered nurses' accounts of their work situation in cancer care in Swedish acute care hospitals
- 2020
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In: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 47
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Hospital organizational features related to registered nurses' (RNs') practice environment are often studied using quantitative measures. These are however unable to capture nuances of experiences of the practice environment from the perspective of individual RNs. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate individual RNs' experiences of their work situation in cancer care in Swedish acute care hospitals.Methods: This study is based on a qualitative framework analysis of data derived from an open-ended question by 200 RNs working in specialized or general cancer care hospital units, who responded to the Swedish RN4CAST survey on nurse work environment. Antonovsky's salutogenic concepts "meaningfulness", "comprehensibility", and "manageability" were applied post-analysis to support interpretation of results.Results: RNs describe a tension between expectations to uphold safe, high quality care, and working in an environment where they are unable to influence conditions for care delivery. A lacking sense of agency, on individual and collective levels, points to organizational factors impeding RNs' use of their competence in clinical decision-making and in governing practice within their professional scope.Conclusions: RNs in this study appear to experience work situations which, while often described as meaningful, generally appear neither comprehensible nor manageable. The lack of an individual and collective sense of agency found here could potentially erode RNs' sense of meaningfulness and readiness to invest in their work.
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- Bahrami, Alireza, et al.
(author)
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Important Criteria for Swedish Construction Companies to Choose Environmentally Friendly Concrete
- 2023
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In: Civil Engineering Journal. - : CEJ. - 2676-6957 .- 2476-3055. ; 9:1, s. 197-207
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, ordinary Portland cement-based concrete is one of the most important building materials and is widely used in new building construction, which is an environmental problem, as cement production accounts for 5%-8% of the world's carbon dioxide emissions. Thus, the need for using more environmentally friendly concrete (EFC) is growing. However, it is stated that Swedish construction companies are reluctant to change and adopt new construction methods and materials. This research aims to map the important criteria for Swedish construction companies to choose EFC for use in their projects. The study is carried out based on a literature study and a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire is designed considering the significant criteria of EFC derived from the literature study. The respondents from the Swedish construction companies were asked to rate these various criteria. The collected results are presented with bar graphs. The results show that the highest valued criterion by the respondents for the use of EFC in the projects is its long-term properties, while the lowest one is the possibility of introducing a specific ceiling for greenhouse gas emissions by the companies.
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- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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The influence from pipe surface, weld beads and protective skins on long term failure times for PE butt fusion joints
- 2004
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In: Plastics Pipes XII.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When making creep tensile tests on butt fusion joints in PE pipes almost all failures emerge from the outside of the pipe. Results indicate an influence from the outside surface on the long term behaviour of butt fusion joints. It is a well established practice to scrape the outside surface of PE pipes when making electro-fusion joints. This study stress the question if scraping or bead removal is a positive thing also when making butt fusion joints. Using PE100 pipes butt fusion joints were made using different levels of surface scraping before the butt fusion and with and without removing the weld beads before testing. PE-pipes with an outside PP or PE-skin were also included with and without the skin. Tensile test pieces were cut parallel to the pipe axis centered over the butt fusion joint. The long term strength evaluation were made using a standard accelerated test procedure with the test pieces exposed to a 5 MPa tensile loading immersed in 80 °C water with 2 % Arkopal N100 surfactant. With outside weld beads left intact failure times 200 h to 400 h are normal. Leaving the inner beads but removing the outer beads increase failure times to 1000 h to 2000 h. Failure times for test pieces without weld beads approach 10000 h. Scraping of the pipe surface to a depth of 0.2 mm did not substantially change the failure-time above that for an unscraped surface. Removing 0.7 mm from the pipe surfaceincrease failure times to 2000 h to 3000 h. Outside weld beads and outside pipe surface clearly interact to lower the time to failure in accelerated creep tensile tests. Weld bead removal and scraping of outside pipe surface significantly increase failure times. The exact mechanism is not clear and the implication on butt fusion joint performance in service is not demonstrated but the results indicate possible ways to enhance safety margins when making butt fusion joints. The topic will be given further attention in coming studies.
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- Forsberg, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Clinician acquisition and retention of motivational interviewing skills : a two-and-a-half-year exploratory study
- 2010
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In: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Public Health Sciences. - 1747-597X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Motivational interviewing (MI) is a collaborative, client-centred counselling style aimed at eliciting and strengthening clients' intrinsic motivation to change. There is strong research evidence supporting the efficacy of MI, notably in its application among alcohol and drug abuse populations. MI interventions in smoking cessation may yield modest but significant increases in quitting. The present study sought to assess the acquisition and retention of MI skills in counsellors at the Swedish National Tobacco Quitline. Methods: Three audio-recorded sessions from each of three counsellors were assessed using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) Code Version 3.0 over 11 assessment periods at fixed intervals in a two-and-a-half year period during which counsellors received ongoing supervision. Results: The mean skill for all counsellors improved throughout the study period in most MITI variables. However, great variations in MI skill between counsellors were observed, as well as fluctuations in performance in counsellors over time. Conclusion: The present exploratory study covers a longer time period than most evaluations of MI training, and has several advantages with regard to study design. It may provide a basis for (larger sample) replication to test MI skill (as measured by the MITI) in relation to behaviour change in clients, to evaluate MI training, and to assess the acquisition and retention of MI skill over time. Difficulties in acquiring and retaining MI skill may raise the issue of a selection policy for MI training. Moreover, fluctuations in MI skill over time emphasise the greater importance of continuous feedback and supervision over initial MI training, and the need for the use of validated treatment integrity assessment instruments in ordinary clinical implementations of MI.
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- Gallo, Valentina, et al.
(author)
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Parkinson's Disease Case Ascertainment in the EPIC Cohort : The NeuroEPIC4PD Study
- 2015
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In: Neurodegenerative Diseases. - : S. Karger. - 1660-2854 .- 1660-2862. ; 15:6, s. 331-338
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Aims: Large epidemiological prospective studies represent an important opportunity for investigating risk factors for rare diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we describe the procedures we used for ascertaining PD cases in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. Methods: The following three-phase procedure was used: (1) elaboration of a NeuroEPIC4PD template for clinical data collection, (2) identification of all potential PD cases via record linkage and (3) validation of the diagnosis through clinical record revision, in a population of 220,494 subjects recruited in 7 European countries. All cases were labelled with the NeuroEPIC4PD diagnoses of 'definite', 'very likely', 'probable', or 'possible' PD. Results: A total of 881 PD cases were identified, with over 2,741,780 person-years of follow-up (199 definite, 275 very likely, 146 probable, and 261 possible). Of these, 734 were incident cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 67.9 years (SD 9.2) and 458 patients (52.0%) were men. Bradykinesia was the most frequent presenting motor sign (76.5%). Tremor-dominant and akinetic rigid forms of PD were the most common types of PD. A total of 289 patients (32.8%) were dead at the time of the last follow-up. Conclusions: This exercise proved that it is feasible to ascertain PD in large population-based cohort studies and offers a potential framework to be replicated in similar studies.
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