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- Jorissen, A., et al.
(author)
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X Herculis and TX Piscium: two cases of ISM interaction with stellar winds observed by Herschel
- 2011
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 532
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars X Her and TX Psc have been imaged at 70 and 160 μm with the PACS instrument onboard the Herschel satellite, as part of the large MESS (Mass loss of Evolved StarS) guaranteed time key program. The images reveal an axisymmetric extended structure with its axis oriented along the space motion of the stars. This extended structure is very likely to be shaped by the interaction of the wind ejected by the AGB star with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). As predicted by numerical simulations, the detailed structure of the wind-ISM interface depends upon the relative velocity between star+wind and the ISM, which is large for these two stars (108 and 55 km s-1 for X Her and TX Psc, respectively). In both cases, there is a compact blob upstream whose origin is not fully elucidated, but that could be the signature of some instability in the wind-ISM shock. Deconvolved images of X Her and TX Psc reveal several discrete structures along the outermost filaments, which could be Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices. Finally, TX Psc is surrounded by an almost circular ring (the signature of the termination shock?) that contrasts with the outer, more structured filaments. A similar inner circular structure seems to be present in X Her as well, albeit less clearly.
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- Lorant, T., et al.
(author)
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Oral administration of xenogeneic erythrocytes induces production of antibodies that are capable of inducing hyperacute rejection of concordant vascularized xenografts
- 2004
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In: Transplantation. - 0041-1337. ; 77:7, s. 1100-3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oral tolerance induction has proven to be an effective approach for inducing antigen-specific unresponsiveness in several models for allogeneic transplantation and autoimmune diseases. The authors' preliminary studies, however, indicated that xenospecific antibodies are produced when rats are given mouse erythrocytes orally. This response was further examined. Mouse erythrocytes were administered to rats orally or intravenously during one or two episodes, and sera were obtained on day 9 or day 29, respectively. Rat sera containing a positive hemagglutinating titer against mouse antigens were injected into rats that had recently undergone xenotransplantation to study graft survival. Oral administration of xenogeneic cells induced a powerful antibody response consisting mainly of xenospecific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG. This antibody response also induced hyperacute rejection as powerfully as sera from intravenously immunized rats. The authors' study thus indicates that oral administration of xenogeneic cells is a powerful immunization pathway that induces an antibody response capable of rejecting concordant vascularized xenografts.
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| 6. |
- Priebe, S, et al.
(author)
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Good practice in health care for migrants : views and experiences of care professionals in 16 European countries
- 2011
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In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 11, s. 187-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundHealth services across Europe provide health care for migrant patients every day. However, little systematic research has explored the views and experiences of health care professionals in different European countries. The aim of this study was to assess the difficulties professionals experience in their service when providing such care and what they consider constitutes good practice to overcome these problems or limit their negative impact on the quality of care.MethodsStructured interviews with open questions and case vignettes were conducted with health care professionals working in areas with high proportion of migrant populations in 16 countries. In each country, professionals in nine primary care practices, three accident and emergency hospital departments, and three community mental health services (total sample = 240) were interviewed about their views and experiences in providing care for migrant patients, i.e. from first generation immigrant populations. Answers were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsEight types of problems and seven components of good practice were identified representing all statements in the interviews. The eight problems were: language barriers, difficulties in arranging care for migrants without health care coverage, social deprivation and traumatic experiences, lack of familiarity with the health care system, cultural differences, different understandings of illness and treatment, negative attitudes among staff and patients, and lack of access to medical history. The components of good practice to overcome these problems or limit their impact were: organisational flexibility with sufficient time and resources, good interpreting services, working with families and social services, cultural awareness of staff, educational programmes and information material for migrants, positive and stable relationships with staff, and clear guidelines on the care entitlements of different migrant groups. Problems and good care components were similar across the three types of services.ConclusionsHealth care professionals in different services experience similar difficulties when providing care to migrants. They also have relatively consistent views on what constitutes good practice. The degree to which these components already are part of routine practice varies. Implementing good practice requires sufficient resources and organisational flexibility, positive attitudes, training for staff and the provision of information.
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| 7. |
- Welbel, M, et al.
(author)
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Addiction treatment in deprived urban areas in EU countries: Accessibility of care for people from socially marginalized groups
- 2013
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In: Drugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0968-7637 .- 1465-3370. ; 20:1, s. 74-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: This study examines the accessibility of addiction treatment within services providing mental health care and support for people from socially marginalized groups in deprived urban areas across EU countries.Methods: Services providing mental health care and support in deprived areas of 14 EU capital cities were assessed with a questionnaire. We analysed the availability and accessibility of those services providing addiction treatment for people from six groups: the long-term unemployed, the homeless, street sex workers, asylum seekers and refugees, irregular migrants and people from travelling communities.Results: While 30% of all the assessed services provided addiction treatment, in 20% of services, addiction was a criterion for exclusion. Among services providing addiction treatment, 77% accepted self-referrals, 63% were open on weekends or in the evening, 60% did not charge any out-of-pocket fees, 35% provided access to interpreters, and 28% ran outreach activities. These results varied substantially among EU capitals.Conclusion: Access to addiction treatment for socially marginalized groups varies across Europe. Some of the models identified may constitute barriers to treatment. Developing care delivery models that facilitate access for vulnerable populations should be a priority for national and European policies.
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