| 1. |
- Ferrando, Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Effects of oxygen on post-surgical infections during an individualised perioperative open-lung ventilatory strategy : a randomised controlled trial
- 2020
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In: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 124:1, s. 110-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We aimed to examine whether using a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) in the context of an individualised intra- and postoperative open-lung ventilation approach could decrease surgical site infection (SSI) in patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Methods: We performed a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial in a network of 21 university hospitals from June 6, 2017 to July 19, 2018. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive a high (0.80) or conventional (0.3) FIO2 during the intraoperative period and during the first 3 postoperative hours. All patients were mechanically ventilated with an open-lung strategy, which included recruitment manoeuvres and individualised positive end-expiratory pressure for the best respiratory-system compliance, and individualised continuous postoperative airway pressure for adequate peripheral oxyhaemoglobin saturation. The primary outcome was the prevalence of SSI within the first 7 postoperative days. The secondary outcomes were composites of systemic complications, length of intensive care and hospital stay, and 6-month mortality. Results: We enrolled 740 subjects: 371 in the high FIO2 group and 369 in the low FIO2 group. Data from 717 subjects were available for final analysis. The rate of SSI during the first postoperative week did not differ between high (8.9%) and low (9.4%) FIO2 groups (relative risk [RR]: 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-1.50; P=0.90]). Secondary outcomes, such as atelectasis (7.7% vs 9.8%; RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.48-1.25; P=0.38) and myocardial ischaemia (0.6% [n=2] vs 0% [n=0]; P=0.47) did not differ between groups. Conclusions: An oxygenation strategy using high FIO2 compared with conventional FIO2 did not reduce postoperative SSIs in abdominal surgery. No differences in secondary outcomes or adverse events were found.
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| 2. |
- Fiuza-Luces, Carmen, et al.
(author)
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Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease : beyond attenuation of traditional risk factors
- 2018
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In: Nature Reviews Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5002 .- 1759-5010. ; 15:12, s. 731-743
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite strong scientific evidence supporting the benefits of regular exercise for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), physical inactivity is highly prevalent worldwide. In addition to merely changing well-known risk factors for systemic CVD, regular exercise can also improve cardiovascular health through non-traditional mechanisms. Understanding the pathways through which exercise influences different physiological systems is important and might yield new therapeutic strategies to target pathophysiological mechanisms in CVD. This Review includes a critical discussion of how regular exercise can have antiatherogenic effects in the vasculature, improve autonomic balance (thereby reducing the risk of malignant arrhythmias), and induce cardioprotection against ischaemia–reperfusion injury, independent of effects on traditional CVD risk factors. This Review also describes how exercise promotes a healthy anti-inflammatory milieu (largely through the release of muscle-derived myokines), stimulates myocardial regeneration, and ameliorates age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, a frequently overlooked non-traditional CVD risk factor. Finally, we discuss how the benefits of exercise might also occur via promotion of a healthy gut microbiota. We argue, therefore, that a holistic view of all body systems is necessary and useful when analysing the role of exercise in cardiovascular health.
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| 3. |
- Santos-Lozano, Alejandro, et al.
(author)
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Successful aging : Insights from proteome analyses of healthy centenarians
- 2020
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In: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 12:4, s. 3502-3515
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Healthy aging depends on a complex gene-environment network that is ultimately reflected in the expression of different proteins. We aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the plasma proteome of healthy centenarians (n=9, 5 women, age range 100-103 years) with a notably preserved ambulatory capacity (as a paradigm of 'successful' aging), and control individuals who died from a major age-related disease before the expected life expectancy (n=9, 5 women, age range: 67-81 years), and while having impaired ambulatory capacity (as a paradigm of 'unsuccessful' aging). We found that the expression of 49 proteins and 86 pathways differed between the two groups. Overall, healthy centenarians presented with distinct expression of proteins/pathways that reflect a healthy immune function, including a lower pro-inflammatory status (less 'inflammaging' and autoimmunity) and a preserved humoral immune response (increased B cell-mediated immune response). Compared with controls, healthy centenarians also presented with a higher expression of proteins involved in angiogenesis and related to enhanced intercellular junctions, as well as a lower expression of proteins involved in cardiovascular abnormalities. The identification of these proteins/pathways might provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the paradigm of healthy aging.
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| 4. |
- Ström, Kristoffer, et al.
(author)
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Genetic variation at RAB3GAP2 and its role in exercise-related adaptation and recovery
- 2021
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Skeletal muscle fiber composition and capillary density influence physical performance and whole-body metabolic properties. ~45% of the variance in fiber type is heritable, which motivated us to perform a genome-wide association study of skeletal muscle histology from 656 Swedish men. Four independent variants were associated (p
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| 5. |
- Valenzuela, Pedro L., et al.
(author)
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Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases
- 2023
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In: Nature Reviews Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5002 .- 1759-5010. ; 20:7, s. 475-494
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25% of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern, obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. In this Review, we present obesity as an evolutionarily novel condition, summarize the epidemiological evidence on its detrimental cardiometabolic consequences and discuss the major mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. We also examine the role of potential moderators of this association, with evidence for and against the so-called ‘metabolically healthy obesity phenotype’, the ‘fatness but fitness’ paradox or the ‘obesity paradox’. Although maintenance of optimal cardiometabolic status should be a primary goal in individuals with obesity, losing body weight and, particularly, excess visceral adiposity seems to be necessary to minimize the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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| 6. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(author)
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IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
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| 7. |
- Alejandro Zamora-Briseno, Jesus, et al.
(author)
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iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profile Analysis of the Hepatopancreas of Caribbean Spiny Lobsters Infected WithPanulirus argusVirus 1 : Metabolic and Physiological Implications
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Caribbean spiny lobsterPanulirus argus(Latreille, 1084) sustains economically valuable fisheries throughout the wider Caribbean region. This species is currently affected by the pathogenic virusPanulirus argusVirus 1 (PaV1) that causes a systemic and chronic-degenerative infection in juvenile spiny lobstersP. argus. To date, there is no available information regarding the host alterations induced by this pathogen at the molecular level. In the present study, comparative proteomic analyses of the changes in the hepatopancreas between infected and non-infected juvenile lobsters were analyzed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled to synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-based MS3. We identified a total of 636 proteins, being 68 down-regulated and 71 up-regulated proteins. Among the down-regulated proteins, we identified several enzymes involved in the metabolism of hormones and lipids, digestive proteases and glycosidases, while proteins associated with the histone core, protein synthesis, immune response and RNA regulation were up-regulated. Several misregulated enzymes involved in the regulation of neuromodulators were also identified. RT-qPCR assays were used to validate the expression of transcripts encoding for selected differential proteins that were in concordance to proteomic data, as well as the tendency observed in the enzymatic activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and glycosidase. In a similar way, we observed glycogen reduction in muscle, and an increase in plasma acylglycerides and glucose, which may be explained by proteomic data. This study provides the first insight into the molecular changes in the hepatopancreas of Caribbean spiny lobsters associated to PaV1 infection. Data provided herein would help to clarify the origin of the molecular misregulations observed at macroscopic level in this host-pathogen interaction.
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| 8. |
- Andueza, Miren, et al.
(author)
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Connectivity in Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus between breeding grounds in Europe and autumn stopover sites in Iberia
- 2013
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In: Ardea. - : Netherlands Ornithologists' Union. - 0373-2266. ; 101:2, s. 133-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We determined the degree of connectivity in the Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus between breeding regions in central and northern Europe and stopover sites in Iberia, during the autumn migration. We used both recovery data and wing length analyses to achieve this. Biometric data were obtained during 2009 at 11 sampling localities in Iberia, which we amalgamated into four major migratory areas within the region (Central, Western, Eastern and Southwestern Iberia, hereafter CI, WI, EI, SW). From the EURING database, we selected birds captured at their breeding sites in Europe and recaptured in Iberia during the autumn migration. Reed Warblers passing through WI had shorter wings than those in CI, EI and SW, suggesting that birds in WI migrated shorter distances, a fact also supported by recovery data. Although Reed Warblers showed some population overlap when passing through Iberia, we found that birds passing through EI and CI came from areas further to the east (continental Europe) than those passing through WI (mainly British Isles), thus supporting parallel migration. Reed Warblers tended to converge in southwestern Iberia, suggesting an effect of nearby geographical barriers.
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| 9. |
- Andueza, Miren, et al.
(author)
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Geographic variation in body mass of first-year Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus in Iberia
- 2014
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In: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. ; 91:2, s. 88-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- On their route to tropical Africa, European trans-Saharan migrants must cross two major geographical barriers, the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert, which necessitates the accumulation of large fuel loads. While northern Africa is the chief region where most migrants gain fuel for the Sahara crossing, Iberia is a target area to gain fuel before the sea crossing existing between Europe and Africa. Despite the large body of studies approach- ing the question of fuel accumulation before geographic barriers, it is still poorly known which factors apart from distance to a certain barrier shape the geographical pattern of fuel reserves. To investigate this question in detail we used data of first-year Reed Warblers from 12 localities within Iberia during the autumn migration period of 2009. We run linear models to analyze the effects of location in Iberia, date, and body size on body mass variation at each migratory flyway (eastern, central and western Iberia). Flight ranges from each site were also calculated. Our results showed that Reed Warblers in Iberia had the necessary fuel needed to arrive in northern Africa but not to tropical Africa. However, body mass patterns varied depending on the geographical region (eastern, central or west- ern Iberia). Date did not affect body mass in central and western Iberia, but in eastern Ibe- ria heavier birds tended to pass later. Thus, the factors shaping body mass of Reed War- blers in Iberia before the sea crossing to Africa seemed to be more complex than just the distance to this geographical barrier, with underlying stopover quality-associated factors possibly playing a relevant role.
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| 10. |
- Athie, Alejandro, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of copy number alterations reveals the lncRNA ALAL-1 as a regulator of lung cancer immune evasion
- 2020
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In: The Journal of cell biology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-8140 .- 0021-9525. ; 219:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancer is characterized by genomic instability leading to deletion or amplification of oncogenes or tumor suppressors. However, most of the altered regions are devoid of known cancer drivers. Here, we identify lncRNAs frequently lost or amplified in cancer. Among them, we found amplified lncRNA associated with lung cancer-1 (ALAL-1) as frequently amplified in lung adenocarcinomas. ALAL-1 is also overexpressed in additional tumor types, such as lung squamous carcinoma. The RNA product of ALAL-1 is able to promote the proliferation and tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells. ALAL-1 is a TNFα- and NF-κB-induced cytoplasmic lncRNA that specifically interacts with SART3, regulating the subcellular localization of the protein deubiquitinase USP4 and, in turn, its function in the cell. Interestingly, ALAL-1 expression inversely correlates with the immune infiltration of lung squamous tumors, while tumors with ALAL-1 amplification show lower infiltration of several types of immune cells. We have thus unveiled a pro-oncogenic lncRNA that mediates cancer immune evasion, pointing to a new target for immune potentiation.
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