| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Ask, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Mångfald och stadieövergångar
- 2004
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In: På väg mot integrativ didaktik. - Växjö : Växjö University Press. - 917636433X ; 53, s. 93-102
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Casagrande, L., et al.
(author)
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Strömgren Survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology: Let the SAGA Begin.
- 2014
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X. ; 787:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Asteroseismology has the capability of precisely determining stellar properties that would otherwise be inaccessible, such as radii, masses, and thus ages of stars. When coupling this information with classical determinations of stellar parameters, such as metallicities, effective temperatures, and angular diameters, powerful new diagnostics for Galactic studies can be obtained. The ongoing Stromgren survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology has the goal of transforming the Kepler field into a new benchmark for Galactic studies, similar to the solar neighborhood. Here we present the first results from a stripe centered at a Galactic longitude of 74 degrees and covering latitude from about 8 degrees to 20 degrees, which includes almost 1000 K giants with seismic information and the benchmark open cluster NGC 6819. We describe the coupling of classical and seismic parameters, the accuracy as well as the caveats of the derived effective temperatures, metallicities, distances, surface gravities, masses, and radii. Confidence in the achieved precision is corroborated by the detection of the first and secondary clumps in a population of field stars with a ratio of 2 to 1 and by the negligible scatter in the seismic distances among NGC 6819 member stars. An assessment of the reliability of stellar parameters in the Kepler Input Catalog is also performed, and the impact of our results for population studies in the Milky Way is discussed, along with the importance of an all-sky Stromgren survey.
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| 4. |
- Castro-Tirado, A. J., et al.
(author)
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GRB 030227 : The first multiwavelength afterglow of an INTEGRAL GRB
- 2003
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In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 411:1, s. 315-319
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present multiwavelength observations of a gamma-ray burst detected byINTEGRAL (GRB 030227) between 5.3 hours and ~ 1.7days after the event. Here we report the discovery of a dim opticalafterglow (OA) that would not have been detected by many previoussearches due to its faintess (R ~ 23). This OA was seen to declinefollowing a power law decay with index alpha R = -0.95 +/-0.16. The spectral index beta_ opt/NIR yielded -1.25 +/- 0.14. Thesevalues may be explained by a relativistic expansion of a fireball (withp = 2.0) in the cooling regime. We also find evidence for inverseCompton scattering in X-rays.Based on observations with INTEGRAL, an ESA project with instruments andscience data centre funded by ESA member states (especially the PIcountries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain), CzechRepublic and Poland, and with the participation of Russia and the USA.Also partially based on observations collected by the Gamma-Ray BurstCollaboration at ESO (GRACE) at the European Southern Observatory, Chile(ESO Large Programme 165.H-0464).
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| 5. |
- Erlandsson, Malin, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Metastasin S100A4 is increased in proportion to radiographic damage in patients with RA.
- 2012
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In: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 51:5, s. 932-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential of metastasin S100A4 as a biological marker in patients with RA. METHODS: A total of 87 unselected patients with established RA (disease duration 2-44 years) and treated with MTX and infliximab at a single rheumatology centre were included in a cross-sectional study. Radiographs of hands and feet were taken prior to infliximab treatment and at inclusion (time interval 48±27 months) and scored for the radiographic damage. S100A4 levels were analysed in relation to radiographic damage, clinical disease activity (DAS-28), inflammation (IL-6, CRP, ESR), bone and cartilage markers [MMP-3, COMP, C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I)] and proto-oncogenes [survivin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Flt3 ligand]. RESULTS: High levels of S100A4 were associated with severe radiographic damage (OR=3.40, P=0.025), non-response to infliximab (OR=4.63, P=0.003), presence of antibodies to infliximab (OR=6.24, P=0.003) and high levels of Flt3 ligand (OR=2.73, P=0.04). Regression analysis showed that high S100A4 was predictive for radiographic progression during infliximab treatment [positive predictive value (PPV) 0.68, P=0.05]. Low levels of S100A4 were associated with response to infliximab (OR=2.67, P=0.049), clinical remission (OR=4.01, P=0.0047) and negative RF (OR=9.22, P=0.0047). S100A4 correlated with survivin (r=0.71, P>0.0001). CONCLUSION: S100A4 levels are increased in proportion to radiographic damage and its further progression in RA patients. High S100A4 levels were associated with a poor clinical response to infliximab and high rate of anti-infliximab antibodies. The finding of a correlation between S100A4 and survivin and Flt3 ligand suggests that these proteins may represent a new cluster of biomarkers predicting radiographic progression and poor treatment response in RA patients.
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| 6. |
- Isgren, Anniella, et al.
(author)
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High Survivin Levels Predict Poor Clinical Response to Infliximab Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2012
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In: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-0172 .- 1532-866X. ; 41:5, s. 652-657
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate if the measurement of survivin in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing infliximab treatment has predictive value for treatment response. Methods: The study included 87 consecutive RA patients (age 24-89 years, disease duration 18-526 months) treated with regular infusions of influximab. Survivin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and evaluated in relation to the total dose of infliximab, disease activity (DAS28), response to infliximab treatment (change in DAS28 > 1.2), and radiographic damage (vdH-Sharp score). Results: Thirty-seven percent of patients were survivin-positive (survivin > 0.9 ng/mL) and showed severe radiographic damage at the start of infliximab treatment compared with survivin-negative (P = 0.027). Patients with high survivin levels were unlikely to respond to infliximab treatment (OR 4.02 [1.22-14.61], P = 0.022) and achieve remission (OR 4.32[1.01-30.11], P = 0.048) compared with patients with low survivin levels. Conclusions: High survivin levels are associated with severe radiographic damage at the start of treatment and a poor response to infliximab. Survivin measurement should be considered an additional tool for aiding the selection and follow-up of antirheumatic treatment. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Semin Arthritis Rheum 41:652-657
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| 7. |
- Kamil, Yasmin, et al.
(author)
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Information security objectives and the output legitimacy of ISO/IEC 27001 : Stakeholders’ perspective on expectations in private organizations in Sweden
- 2023
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In: Information Systems and E-Business Management. - : Springer. - 1617-9846 .- 1617-9854. ; 21:3, s. 699-722
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organizations use the ISO/IEC 27001 standard to establish an information security management system (ISMS). This standard outlines specific security measures and requirements that organizations can implement to effectively manage their information assets. However, the effectiveness of the standard’s problem-solving capabilities has raised some questions. Consequently, there is a continuous development of new governance methods that demand fresh approaches to validate security operations and measures. In light of this, research is being conducted to examine the application and impact of ISO/IEC 27001, as well as to analyze the challenges and knowledge gaps through theoretical perspectives. By employing stakeholder theory, the focus shifts towards integrating business and social issues and exploring how non-business pressures can influence stakeholder motivations in implementing standards. Additionally, it investigates the impact of these standards on an organization’s reputation, performance, and operations. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the output legitimacy of ISO/IEC 27001 from the perspective of stakeholder expectations. To accomplish this, an interview-based study was conducted, involving relevant stakeholders engaged in information security management within private organizations in Sweden. The findings reveal eight key information security objectives. The results indicate that the level of output legitimacy of the standard varies across these objectives, ranging from high to medium to low. To achieve a high level of output legitimacy for ISO/IEC 27001, stakeholders must understand that the standard is not solely a technical document. Furthermore, stakeholders need to possess the appropriate knowledge and skills in information security to effectively navigate their work while leveraging the support provided by the standard.
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| 8. |
- Kihlander, Ingrid, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Planning Industrial PhD projects in practice : Speaking both 'Academia' and 'Practitionese'
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED11). - Copenhagen. - 9781904670285
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discuss the planning and organising of research conducted by Industrial PhD students, i.e. PhD students conducting research studies aiming for a PhD while employed in industrial companies. Industrial PhD projects within engineering design research in Sweden can be considered a phenomenon, i.e. existing but sparsely documented. This paper provides empirical illustrations by presenting three Industrial PhD projects conducted in three companies with product developing operations in Sweden. The specific research design of Industrial PhD projects provides benefits such as an effective bridging between academia and industry. Additionally, this type of research projects face challenges, such as having two-folded aims of the project: both academic and industrial goals. Based on experiences from these projects, implications for planning and organising of future Industrial PhD projects are discussed. Finally, we suggest that Industrial PhD projects are effective means, if used properly, for assimilation of research findings to industry, and for academia to understand the industrial practice.
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| 9. |
- Klinge, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Prophylactic antibiotics for staged bone augmentation in implant dentistry
- 2020
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In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 78:1, s. 64-73
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the outcome of bone augmentation and subsequent dental implant placement by combining the recommended quality assessment methods for systematic reviews and primary studies.Materials and methods: This is a complex systematic review in which systematic reviews as well as primary studies are scrutinised. A search of Medline (OVID), The Cochrane Library (Wiley) and EMBASE, PubMed and Health technology assessment (HTA) organisations as-well as a complementary hand-search was carried out. Selected primary studies were assessed using GRADE. Each study was reviewed by three authors independently.Results: Abstract screening yielded six potential systematic reviews allocated for full-text inspection. A total of ten primary studies were read in full-text. No relevant systematic reviews regarding the topic of this article were found. The quality assessment resulted in two primary studies with a moderate risk of bias. Of the two studies with a moderate risk of bias, one compared a single dose of clindamycin 600 mg preoperatively with the same preoperative dose followed by four doses of 300 mg every 6 h. The second study compared a single dose prophylaxis of two different types of antibiotic compounds.Conclusion: In conclusion, the scientific evidence regarding the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for reducing the risk of infection in conjunction with bone augmentation procedures during dental implant placement is very limited. The infection rate as compared to nonusage of prophylactic antibiotics, selection of the most suitable compound, and the optimal duration of prophylactic treatment is still unknown.
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| 10. |
- Lund, Bodil, et al.
(author)
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Complex systematic review : Perioperative antibiotics in conjunction with dental implant placement
- 2015
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In: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 26:Suppl 11, s. 1-14
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to revisit the available scientific literature regarding perioperative antibiotics in conjunction with implant placement by combining the recommended methods for systematic reviews and complex systematic reviews. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search of Medline (OVID), The Cochrane Library (Wiley), EMBASE, PubMed and Health technology assessment (HTA) organizations was performed, in addition to a complementary hand-search. Selected systematic reviews and primary studies were assessed using GRADE and AMSTAR, respectively. A meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: The literature search identified 846 papers of which 10 primary studies and seven systematic reviews were included. Quality assessment of the systematic reviews revealed two studies of moderate risk of bias and five with high risk of bias. The two systematic reviews of moderate risk of bias stated divergent numbers needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one patient from implant failure. Four of the primary studies comparing antibiotic prophylaxis with placebo were estimated to be of low, or moderate, risk of bias and subjected to meta-analysis. The NNT was 50 (pooled RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18, 0.84; P = 0.02). None of these four studies individually show a statistical significant benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis. Furthermore, narrative analysis of the studies eligible for meta-analysis reveals clinical heterogeneity regarding intervention and smoking. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis in conjunction with implant placement reduced the risk for implant loss by 2%. However, the sub-analysis of the primary studies suggests that there is no benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in uncomplicated implant surgery in healthy patient.
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