| 1. |
- Bjarnegard, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Sex instead of money: Conceptualizing sexual corruption
- 2024
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In: Governance. An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions. - : WILEY. - 0952-1895 .- 1468-0491.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research on the dynamics of corruption has rarely considered sex as a currency in corrupt transactions. This article puts forward the argument that the abuse of entrusted power in exchange for personal gain is relevant also when sex, rather than money, is the currency. It then contributes with a careful conceptualization of such transactions as sexual corruption. Anchoring our conceptualization in the abuse of entrusted power, the article defines sexual corruption, its elements, categories and delimitations, and proposes a conceptual framework that can be used to develop research on sexual corruption. We also address the implications of recognizing sex as a currency in corrupt transactions, providing insights as to why abuse of power is often overlooked when sex is the currency of the transaction. Our approach offers analytic precision and contributes to setting an agenda for the study of sexual corruption as an obstacle to good governance, at a time when efforts to collect data on sexual corruption are increasing.
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| 2. |
- Björkdahl, Ann, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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Does a short period of rehabilitation in the home setting facilitate functioning after stroke? : A randomized controlled trial
- 2006
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In: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 20:12, s. 1038-1049
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of three weeks of rehabilitation in the home setting for younger patients with stroke with the aim of improving activity level.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study with blinded evaluations at discharge, three weeks, three months and one year after discharge.SETTING: Home of the patient or the ordinary day rehabilitation clinic at the university hospital.SUBJECTS: Fifty-eight patients (median age 53 years) consecutively discharged from inpatient rehabilitation with a first occurrence of stroke participated in training directly after discharge. Intervention: Rehabilitation was given for 9 hours/week over three weeks. The home group received individually tailored training, based on the patient's needs and desires, with a focus on activities in their natural context. Support and information were also given. The intervention in the day clinic group was aimed mainly at improved functions.MAIN MEASURES: The main outcome was activity, assessed with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skill (AMPS). The impairment level was also evaluated. Costs were estimated.RESULT: There were no significant differences between the groups on any of the four assessments. However, there seemed to be an earlier improvement on some measures (including AMPS) for the home group. For both groups there was a greater improvement on the activity level than on the impairment level. the costs of the home group were less than half of the costs of the day clinic group.CONCLUSION: With the present results, both rehabilitation programmes could be recommended, however, further studies are needed to define patients who may specifically benefit from the home rehabilitation programme. Costs should be taken into consideration.
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| 3. |
- Dezfouli, Mahya, et al.
(author)
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Newborn Screening for Presymptomatic Diagnosis of Complement and Phagocyte Deficiencies
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The clinical outcomes of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are greatly improved by accurate diagnosis early in life. However, it is not common to consider PIDs before the manifestation of severe clinical symptoms. Including PIDs in the nation-wide newborn screening programs will potentially improve survival and provide better disease management and preventive care in PID patients. This calls for the detection of disease biomarkers in blood and the use of dried blood spot samples, which is a part of routine newborn screening programs worldwide. Here, we developed a newborn screening method based on multiplex protein profiling for parallel diagnosis of 22 innate immunodeficiencies affecting the complement system and respiratory burst function in phagocytosis. The proposed method uses a small fraction of eluted blood from dried blood spots and is applicable for population-scale performance. The diagnosis method is validated through a retrospective screening of immunodeficient patient samples. This diagnostic approach can pave the way for an earlier, more comprehensive and accurate diagnosis of complement and phagocytic disorders, which ultimately lead to a healthy and active life for the PID patients.
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| 4. |
- Ekvall-Hansson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Artrosskola i primärvården. Pilotstudie av 14 ars erfarenheter från Malmö.
- 2008
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 105:32-33, s. 2175-2177
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the major diseases. Physical activity has shown to have positive effects on joint cartilage and on function as well as to reduce pain among patients with OA. Patient education is one way to increase knowledge about the disease and how to cope with it. Patient education, distributed to OA-patients by a multidisciplinary team in primary health care has been used successfully in Malmö for 14 years. About 100 patients per year participate. Evaluation with Arthritis self-efficacy scale after the education-programme has shown positive effects on function and on coping with pain and other symptoms. In this article we describe the programme and our experience of patient education for OA patients in primary health care. The patient education programme is currently being evaluated with a randomized, controlled trial.
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| 5. |
- Ekvall-Hansson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Effect of an education programme for patients with osteoarthritis in primary care - a randomized controlled trial
- 2010
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In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, considered to be one of the major public health problems. Research suggests that patient education is feasible and valuable for achieving improvements in quality of life, in function, well-being and improved coping. Since 1994, Primary Health Care in Malmo has used a patient education programme directed towards OA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this education programme for patients with OA in primary health care in terms of self-efficacy, function and self-perceived health. Method: The study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which the EuroQol-5D and Arthritis self-efficacy scale were used to measure self-perceived health and self-efficacy and function was measured with Grip Ability Test for the upper extremity and five different functional tests for the lower extremity. Results: We found differences between the intervention group and the control group, comparing the results at baseline and after 6 months in EuroQol-5D (p < 0.001) and in standing one leg eyes closed (p = 0.02) in favour of the intervention group. No other differences between the groups were found. Conclusion: This study has shown that patient education for patients with osteoarthritis is feasible in a primary health care setting and can improve self-perceived health as well as function in some degree, but not self-efficacy. Further research to investigate the effect of exercise performance on function, as well as self-efficacy is warranted.
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| 6. |
- Hegmar, Hannes, et al.
(author)
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Liver stiffness predicts progression to liver-related events in patients with chronic liver disease - A cohort study of 14 414 patients
- 2024
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In: Liver international. - : WILEY. - 1478-3223 .- 1478-3231.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background & Aims: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker of liver fibrosis. It is uncertain if LSM can predict risk for future liver-related outcomes in large, heterogenous populations. Methods: This Swedish multi-centre cohort study included patients (n = 14 414) from 16 sites who underwent LSM by VCTE between 2008 and 2020. Outcomes were ascertained from national registers. We investigated progression to cirrhosis with portal hypertension or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), separately. Cox regression was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs). Harrel's C-index was used to measure discrimination of VCTE. Results: Included patients had a median age of 46 (interquartile range 34-57), median LSM of 5.9 kPa (4.6-8.0), 59% were male, and the majority had hepatitis C (50.1%). During a median follow-up of 5.9 (4.3-8.0) years, 402 patients (2.7%) developed cirrhosis with portal hypertension. In patients with an LSM >= 25 kPa, 28.7% developed cirrhosis with portal hypertension within 5 years of follow-up, while only .6% of patients with an LSM <10 kPa did. This translated to a HR of 48.3 (95% confidence interval = 37.6-62.0). VCTE had a high discriminative ability, with C-indices above .80 for most liver diseases, including .82 for MASLD. Similar findings were seen for incident HCC. Conclusions: Increased LSM by VCTE was associated with an increased risk of progression to both cirrhosis with portal hypertension, and to HCC, and had a high discriminative ability across different aetiologies of chronic liver diseases. These results support the use of VCTE to guide follow-up and treatment decisions.
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| 7. |
- Ruuth, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Differential resistance of melanoma cells to treatment with recombinant IFN-alpha2b and leukocyte IFN.
- 2007
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In: Anticancer Res. - 0250-7005. ; 27:4B, s. 2109-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) subtypes bind to the same receptor and are expected to have the same biological functions. Whether or not leukocyte IFN, containing six major IFN-alpha proteins had the same anti-tumor effect as one subtype, recombinant IFN-alpha2b, was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three melanoma lines were treated with both types of IFN, and the effect on proliferation and survival was estimated both after short-term and prolonged treatment. RESULTS: All the melanoma cell lines were sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of both IFN species during short-term treatment. However, upon prolonged culture, the frequency of resistant colony formation was significantly higher in cultures treated with IFN-alpha2b compared to those treated with leukocyte IFN. There was a qualitative difference between the resistant colonies selected by the two IFN species with respect to morphology, growth rate and sensitivity to apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The development of resistant clones occurred at a lower rate during long-term treatment with leukocyte IFN containing six major subtypes of IFN-alpha as compared to IFN-alpha2b.
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