| 1. |
- Blom, Sara, et al.
(author)
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How gender and low mental health literacy are related to unmet need for mental healthcare: a cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden
- 2024
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In: ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 82:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundMen are more likely to have unmet need for mental healthcare than women. However, an under-investigated aspect of the gender difference is the role of mental health literacy. This study investigated how combinations of gender and mental health literacy were related to two indicators of unmet need: not perceiving a need for mental healthcare despite poor mental health, and refraining from seeking mental healthcare.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire sent to a general population sample, aged 16-84 years, in Stockholm County, Sweden, in 2019. Of the 1863 respondents (38%), 1563 were included (>= 18 years). The sample was stratified into four groups, men and women with low or high mental health literacy, using the third quartile of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule. The likelihood of not perceiving a need for mental healthcare and refraining from seeking mental healthcare, at any time in life, were investigated by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsMen with low mental health literacy were most likely to not perceive a need for mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age, education, and poor mental health (OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.7), and to refrain from seeking mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age and education (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4), followed by men with high mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, and OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) and women with low mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). Women with high mental health literacy were least likely (reference group).ConclusionThe results show differences in the likelihood of unmet need for mental healthcare based on combinations of gender and mental health literacy level, with men having low mental health literacy being most at risk, and women with high mental health literacy being least at risk. This challenges generalisations of a gender difference in unmet need by showing heterogeneity among men and women based on mental health literacy. Men with low mental health literacy may be particularly in need of targeted interventions to reduce potential individual and societal consequences of their unmet need.
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| 2. |
- Gräslund, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Charge engineering of a protein domain to allow efficient ion-exchange recovery
- 2000
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In: Protein Engineering. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0269-2139 .- 1460-213X. ; 13:10, s. 703-709
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have created protein domains with extreme surface charge. These mutated domains allow for ion-exchange chromatography under conditions favourable for selective and efficient capture, using Escherichia coli as a host organism. The staphylococcal protein A-derived domain Z (Z(wt)) was used asa scaffold when constructing two mutants, Z(basic1) and Z(basic2), with high positive surface charge. Far-ultraviolet circular dichroism measurements showed that they have a secondary structure content comparable to the parental molecule Z(wt). Although melting temperatures (T-m) of the engineered domains were lower than that of the wild-type Z domain, both mutants could be produced successfully as intracellular full-length products in E. coli and purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. Further studies performed on Z(basic1) and Z(basic2) showed that they were able to bind to a cation exchanger even at pH values in the 9 to 11 range. A gene fusion between Z(basic2) and the acidic human serum albumin binding domain (ABD), derived from streptococcal protein G, was also constructed. The gene product Z(basic2)-ABD could be purified using cation-exchange chromatography from a whole cell lysate to more than 90% purity.
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| 3. |
- Gräslund, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Strategy for highly selective ion-exchange capture using a charge-polarizing fusion partner
- 2002
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In: Journal of Chromatography A. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 942:1-2, s. 157-166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To achieve efficient recovery of recombinantly produced target proteins using cation-exchange chromatography, a novel basic protein domain is used as a purification handle. The proteolytic instability usually encountered for basic peptide tags is avoided by the use of a highly constrained α-helical domain based on staphylococcal protein A into which positively charged amino acids have been introduced. Here we show that this domain, consisting of 58 amino acids with a calculated isoelectric point (pI) of 10.5, can be used to efficiently capture different fused target proteins, such as a bacterial DNA polymerase (Klenow fragment), a viral protease (3C) and a fungal lipase (Cutinase). In contrast to standard cation-exchange chromatography, efficient capture can be achieved also at a pH value higher than the pI of the fusion protein, demonstrated here by Zbasic-Klenow polymerase (pI≈5.8) and ZZ-Cutinase-Zbasic (pI≈7.2) both purified at a pH of 7.5. These results show that the Zbasic domain is able to confer a regional concentration of positive charge on the fusion protein even at a relatively high pH. Hence, the data suggest that this domain could be used for highly efficient and selective capture of target proteins at conditions where most host-cell proteins do not bind to the chromatographic resin. The obtained purity after this one-step procedure suggests that the strategy could be an alternative to standard affinity chromatography. Methods for site-specific proteolysis of the fusion proteins to release native target proteins are also discussed.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lundin, A., et al.
(author)
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Towards ICD-11 for alcohol dependence: Diagnostic agreement with ICD-10, DSM-5, DSM-IV, DSM-III-R and DSM-III diagnoses in a Swedish general population of women
- 2021
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In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The proposed ICD-11 classification includes major revisions of alcohol dependence. We aimed to evaluate the presence of, and concordance between the proposed ICD-11 dependence and ICD-10, DSM-5, DSM-IV, DSM-III-R and DSM-III in a general population. We also examine as aspects of validity, including longitudinal stability and how meaningful clinical correlates associated across the systems. Methods: Longitudinal population-based study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants (n = 1,614) were sampled during 1989-2015 through double-phase stratified random sampling. Alcohol use disorders were assessed through structured diagnostic interviews (CIDI-SAM), at baseline and follow-up 5-10 years later (n = 930). Concordance was examined using contingency tables and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: At baseline, the prevalence of lifetime alcohol dependence was 10.6 % according to ICD-11. Corre-sponding figures were ICD-10, 4.0 %; DSM-IV, 4.3 %; DSM-III-R, 7.5 %; and DSM-III, 12.3 %.DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder was 14.3 %. Concordance between ICD-11 and other diagnoses ranged from almost perfect agreement (with DSM-5 AUD) to substantial (with DSM-III and DSM-III-R) and moderate (with ICD-10 and DSM-IV). The broadening of the "persistent use despite problems" criteria in ICD-11 had little effect on the prevalence. ICD-11 captured a lower proportion of family history of alcohol problems and treatment-seeking compared to ICD-10 and DSM-IV and showed lower stability. Conclusions: The proposed ICD-11 algorithm yields a higher prevalence than either ICD-10 or DSM-III-R /-IV dependence, as well as lower agreement with previous diagnostic systems, lower longitudinal stability and weaker associations with clinical correlates. This is important for knowing how changes in diagnostic criteria impact prevalence estimates and related research.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Rabiee, R., et al.
(author)
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Cannabis use and the risk of anxiety and depression in women: A comparison of three Swedish cohorts
- 2020
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In: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 216
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The associations between cannabis use and anxiety or depression remain unclear. If cannabis affects these conditions, it is of interest to examine possible changes in cannabis use over time, in relation to anxiety and depression, as cannabis potency has increased in recent decades. Methods: Cohorts from the Women and Alcohol in Gothenburg study (n = 1 100), from three time periods were used to examine associations over time between cannabis use and anxiety and depression. Logistic regression analyses were used and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated to examine potential additive interactions between period of cannabis use, cannabis use, and anxiety or depression. Findings: Cannabis use was associated with anxiety in the oldest cohort (examined 1986-1992, born 1955/65), OR = 5.14 (1.67-15.80, 95 % CI), and with both anxiety and depression in the youngest cohort (examined 2000-2015, born 1980/93), OR = 1.66 (1.00-2.74, 95 % CI) and 2.37 (1.45-3.86, 95 % CI), respectively. RERI was significant between cannabis use and depression in the youngest cohort when compared with older cohorts (1.68 (0.45-2.92, 95 % CI)). Limitations: Cross-sectional data prevent statements on causality, though between-cohort comparisons are possible. Conclusion: The association between cannabis use and depression becomes more pronounced when adding the effect of period of use rather than looking at the effect of cannabis use itself. This study provides clinicians and public health workers with scientifically underpinned knowledge regarding the link between cannabis use and depression, of particular importance given increasing cannabis potency.
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