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| 2. |
- Alwin, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Utvärdering av försöksverksamhet med service- och signalhundar
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport redovisar utvärderingen av en försöksverksamhet med ser-vice- och signalhundar som bedrevs mellan år 2009 och 2014. Utvärderingen inkluderar servicehundar, signalhundar samt alarmerande servicehundar (epilepsihundar och diabeteshundar). Totalt 56 ekipage (förare samt hund) ingick i utvärderingsstudien. Data i studien samlades in före samt efter genomgången service- och signalhundsutbildning. Syftet med utvärderingen är att studera hur certifierade service- och signalhundar påverkar förarnas behov av offentliga stödinsatser och de totala samhällskostnaderna. Dessutom studerades hur service- och signalhundar påverkar förarna med avseende på hälsorelaterad livskvalitet, välbefinnande, självförtroende och fysisk aktivitet samt om användningen av service- och signalhundar är kostnadseffektiv ur ett samhällsperspektiv. Resultat och slutsatserService- och signalhundar minskar i genomsnitt förarnas behov av offentliga stödinsatser med 197 000 kronor (6 procent) under en tioårsperiod.Livskvaliteten för personer med behov av service- och signalhundar är låg jämfört med den allmänna populationen i Sverige. Studien visar på en förbättring i livskvaliteten och välbefinnandet för förare med en certifierad hund.Förarnas grad av fysisk aktivitet ökade med en certifierad hund och majoriteten av dem angav att de ökat sin tid utanför hemmet samt att de även ökat sin tid för att delta i sociala aktiviteter tack vare hunden.Förarnas negativa emotionella upplevelser minskar med en certifierad hund.Förarna beskriver själva den certifierade hunden som ett viktigt verktyg för ökad självständighet och trygghet.Den hälsoekonomiska modellen som analyserar kostnadseffektiviteten visar att ett innehav av en certifierad hund är ett dominant alternativ jämfört med att inte ha en certifierad hund. Detta innebär att kostnaderna ur ett samhällsperspektiv under en tioårsperiod är lägre (-103 000 kronor) samtidigt som effekterna i form av vunna QALY (kvalitetsjusterade levnadsår) är högre (+0,15).Finansieringsanalysen visar att förare som har certifierade hundar sparar resurser åt alla aktörer (stat, kommun och landsting) men får själva ökade utgifter på grund av hunden.Studien baseras på ett lågt antal observationer (56 ekipage). Det i kombination med att det är en stor spridning i resursförbrukningen mellan ekipagen medför att det finns en statistisk osäkerhet i resultaten. Slutsatserna bedöms dock som rimliga eftersom de är samstämmiga.
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| 3. |
- Fredenberg, Erik, PhD, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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A photon-counting detector for dual-energy breast tomosynthesis
- 2009
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In: Medical Imaging 2009. - : SPIE. ; , s. 72581-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the first evaluation of a recently developed silicon-strip detector for photon-counting dual-energy breast tomosynthesis. The detector is well suited for tomosynthesis with high dose efficiency and intrinsic scatter rejection. A method was developed for measuring the spatial resolution of a system based on the detector in terms of the three-dimensional modulation transfer function (MTF). The measurements agreed well with theoretical expectations, and it was seen that depth resolution was won at the cost of a slightly decreased lateral resolution. This may be a justifiable trade-off as clinical images acquired with the system indicate improved conspicuity of breast lesions. The photon-counting detector enables dual-energy subtraction imaging with electronic spectrumsplitting. This improved the detectability of iodine in phantom measurements, and the detector was found to be stable over typical clinical acquisition times. A model of the energy resolution showed that further improvements are witn reach by optimization of the detector.
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| 4. |
- Zamani, Leila, et al.
(author)
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High cell density perfusion culture has a maintained exoproteome and metabolome
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the workhorse to produce recombinant proteins in the biopharmaceutical industry using mammalian cells and are commonly cultured in either fed-batch or perfusion mode. The optimization of the complex biological systems used in such processes is extremely challenging. Multi-omics approaches can reveal otherwise unknown characteristics of these systems and identify culture parameters that can be manipulated to optimize the cultivation process. Here we have ap- plied both metabolomic and proteomic profiling to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) production operated in perfusion mode to explore how cell biology and reactor environment change as the cell density reaches ≥ 200 x 106 cells/mL. The extracellular metabolic composition obtained in perfusion mode was also com- pared to fed-batch, which showed a more stable profile for perfusion despite a far larger range of viable cell densities. The proteomics data showed an increase of structural proteins as the cell density increased, and both the proteomic and metabolic results showed signs of oxidative stress and changes in glutathione metabolism at very high cell densities. The methodology presented herein could be a powerful tool for optimizing cultivation processes and recombinant protein production.
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| 5. |
- Zamani, Leila, et al.
(author)
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High Cell Density Perfusion Culture has a Maintained Exoproteome and Metabolome
- 2018
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In: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 13:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The optimization of bioprocesses for biopharmaceutical manufacturing by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells can be a challenging endeavor and, today, heavily relies on empirical methods treating the bioreactor process and the cells as black boxes. Multi-omics approaches have the potential to reveal otherwise unknown characteristics of these systems and identify culture parameters to more rationally optimize the cultivation process. Here, the authors have applied both metabolomic and proteomic profiling to a perfusion process, using CHO cells for antibody production, to explore how cell biology and reactor environment change as the cell density reaches 200x10(6)cellsmL(-1). The extracellular metabolic composition obtained in perfusion mode shows a markedly more stable profile in comparison to fed-batch, despite a far larger range of viable cell densities in perfusion. This stable profile is confirmed in the extracellular proteosome. Furthermore, the proteomics data shows an increase of structural proteins as cell density increases, which could be due to a higher shear stress and explain the decrease in cell diameter at very high cell densities. Both proteomic and metabolic results shows signs of oxidative stress and changes in glutathione metabolism at very high cell densities. The authors suggest the methodology presented herein to be a powerful tool for optimizing processes of recombinant protein production.
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| 6. |
- Ahmadi, Elena, 1978-
(author)
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Managers’ Work, Working Conditions and Wellbeing in Small Companies with Profitable Growth
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background Managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing are important determinants of occupational health in organizations. Nevertheless, little research has investigated these factors in the context of small growing businesses, which are known to contribute to employment, economic growth and social stability. The aim of this thesis was to explore managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing in the context of small businesses with profitable growth. Methods Study I used a cross-sectional design to assess patterns in managerial work activities and leadership behaviours. Studies II–IV used qualitative interviews with managers (II–IV) and employees (II) to explore the effects of managers’ wellbeing on their leadership (II), their working conditions (III), and changes in their working conditions and wellbeing in the context of growing small businesses (IV).Results Managers worked long hours, posing risks for occupational health, but also adopted work practices that bolster occupational health. Firm size matters for managerial work. Managers’ wellbeing reflected in their mood and energy levels and influenced their leadership behaviours and performance, and the company’s work environment. Managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when they felt unwell. Certain factors mitigated the consequences of their negative behaviours in the organization. Five types of managers’ demands and resources (daily managerial work; achievement of results; and social; organizational; and individual factors) were identified, where the specificity of the small business context revealed unique characteristics. Company growth changed managers’ experiences of working conditions and wellbeing.Conclusions The specific context of small growing businesses shaped managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing and the interplay between them. Dynamism in the organizational context due to growth had implications for managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing.
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| 7. |
- Almby, Kristina E., et al.
(author)
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Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain : Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity, and Cognitive Function During Normo- and Hypoglycemia
- 2021
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 70:6, s. 1265-1277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counterregulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. In this study, 11 subjects without diabetes with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic normo-hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- versus presurgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake, and this was similar for post- and presurgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced during hypoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen postsurgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- versus presurgery of neural networks in brain regions implicated in glucose regulation, such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.
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| 8. |
- Almby, Kristina E., et al.
(author)
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Effects of GLP-1 on counter-regulatory responses during hypoglycemia after GBP surgery
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 181:2, s. 161-171
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the role of GLP-1 receptor activation on the counter-regulation and symptoms of hypoglycemia in subjects who have undergone gastric bypass surgery (GBP).Design: Experimental hyperinsulinemic–hypoglycemic clamp study.Methods: Twelve post-GBP subjects participated in a randomized cross-over study with two hyperinsulinemic, hypoglycemic clamps (glucose nadir 2.7 mmol/L) performed on separate days with concomitant infusions of the GLP-1 analog exenatide or with saline, respectively. Continuous measurements of metabolites and counter-regulatory hormones as well as assessments of heart rate variability and symptoms of hypoglycemia were performed throughout the clamps.Results: No effect of GLP-1 receptor activation on counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, GH) or glucose infusion rate was seen, but we found indications of a downregulation of the sympathetic relative to the parasympathetic nerve activity, as reflected in heart rate variability. No significant differences in symptom of hypoglycemia were observed.Conclusions/interpretation: Short-term exposure to a GLP-1 receptor agonist does not seem to impact the counter-regulatory hormonal and metabolic responses in post-GBP subjects during hypoglycemic conditions, suggesting that the improvement in symptomatic hypoglycemia post-GBP seen following treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists may be mediated by mechanism not directly involved in counter-regulation.
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| 9. |
- Alsterholm, Mikael, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Establishment and utility of SwedAD : a nationwide Swedish registry for patients with atopic dermatitis receiving systemic pharmacotherapy
- 2023
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In: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SwedAD, a Swedish nationwide registry for patients with atopic dermatitis receiving systemic pharmacotherapy, was launched on 1 September 2019. We describe here the establishment of a user-friendly registry to the benefit of patients with atopic dermatitis. By 5 November 2022, 38 clinics had recorded 931 treatment episodes in 850 patients with an approximate national coverage rate of 40%. Characteristics at enrolment included median Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) 10.2 (interquartile range 4.0, 19.4), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) 18.0 (10.0, 24.0), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) 11.0 (5.0, 19.0) and Peak Itch Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11) 6.0 (3.0, 8.0). At 3 months, median EASI was 3.2 (1.0, 7.3) and POEM, DLQI, and NRS-11 were improved. Regional coverage varied, reflecting the distribution of dermatologists, the ratio of public to private healthcare, and difficulties in recruiting certain clinics. This study highlights the importance of a nationwide registry when managing systemic pharmacotherapy of atopic dermatitis.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Josefina, et al.
(author)
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Visible men and elusive women
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Historical Archaeology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1092-7697 .- 1573-7748. ; 15:1, s. 10-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early gender archaeology formulated two statements: men are visible, women are invisible, and men work in hard materials, women work in soft materials. We discuss these dichotomies in connection with nineteenth-century folklore and an excavated eighteenth-century cottage at a summer-farm. We conclude that much of the gendered order-of-work tasks broke down in pragmatic day-to-day life, especially by women crossing the gender border. However, social chaos was held at bay by ritual acts and magic objects.
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