| 1. |
- Holmberg, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Bacteria classification based on feature extraction from sensor data
- 1998
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In: Biotechnology Techniques. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0951-208X .- 1573-6784. ; 12:4, s. 319-324
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data evaluation and classification have been made on measurements by an electronic nose on the headspace of samples of different types of bacteria growing on petri dishes. The chosen groups were: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus saprophytica. An approximation of the response curve by time was made and the parameters in the curve fit were taken as important features of the data set. A classification tree was used to extract the most important features. These features were then used in an artificial neural network for classification. Using the ‘leave-one-out’ method for validating the model, a classification rate of 76% was obtained
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| 2. |
- Sanchez Heres, Luis Felipe, 1984, et al.
(author)
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COLREG 3 - Exploring the potential of Large Language Models in marine navigation systems
- 2024
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This pre-study explores the potential use of Large Language Models (LLM), like ChatGPT and GPT-4, in decision-support systems for maritime navigation. The aim is to determine if these models could be part of decision support systems for identifying and resolving complex traffic situations, as doing so, would enhance maritime safety and efficiency, as well as reduce the environmental impact of shipping. The study benefits from previous research carried out in the COLREG2 project, COLREG 2 - Potential consequences of varying algorithms in traffic situations, which examined the limitations of algorithms meant to support the resolution of complex traffic situations. COLREG2 concluded that the evaluated algorithms had severe limitations and stated scepticism regarding the development of suitable algorithms in the near future. Shortly after the end of the COLREG2 project, large language models demonstrated their uncanny ability to understand, and to some extent, reason about complex texts and tasks. These abilities seemingly address the shortfalls of the algorithms evaluated in the COLREG2 project, making the use of large language models in decision support systems for marine traffic situations thought-provoking.
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| 3. |
- Ambrosi, Aurelie, et al.
(author)
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Development of heart block in children of SSA/SSB-autoantibody-positive women is associated with maternal age and displays a season-of-birth pattern
- 2012
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 71:3, s. 334-340
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Congenital heart block may develop in the fetuses of Ro/SSA-positive and La/SSB-positive mothers. Recurrence rates of only 10-20% despite persisting maternal antibodies indicate that additional factors are critical for the establishment of heart block. The authors investigated the influence of other maternal and fetal factors on heart block development in a Swedish population-based cohort. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods The influence of fetal gender, maternal age, parity and time of birth on heart block development was analysed in 145 families, including Ro/La-positive (n=190) and Ro/La-negative (n=165) pregnancies. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults There was a recurrence rate of 12.1% in Ro/La-positive women, and no recurrence in Ro/La-negative women. Fetal gender and parity did not influence the development of heart block in either group. Maternal age in Ro/La-positive pregnancies with a child affected by heart block was, however, significantly higher than in pregnancies resulting in babies without heart block (pandlt;0.05). Seasonal timing of pregnancy influenced the outcome. Gestational susceptibility weeks 18-24 occurring during January-March correlated with a higher proportion of children with heart block and lower vitamin D levels during the same period in a representative sample of Swedish women and a corresponding higher proportion of children with heart block born in the summer (pandlt;0.02). Maternal age or seasonal timing of pregnancy did not affect the outcome in Ro/La-negative pregnancies. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion This study identifies maternal age and seasonal timing of pregnancy as novel risk factors for heart block development in children of Ro/La-positive women. These observations may be useful for counselling when pregnancy is considered.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Establishing epistemic practices in students’ formulation of scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education
- 2019
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In: NOFA7 ABSTRACTS Stockholm University, 13 - 15 May 2019. ; , s. 24-24
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The development of students' capability to engage in scientific inquiry is part of the science curricula across the educational system. However, previous research shows that laboratory and practical work in science education do not necessarily develop the capability to engage in scientific inquiry or contribute to developing an understanding of the nature of inquiry. The purpose of this study is to explore how teaching activities can be designed with a specific focus to develop students' capability to formulate questions for scientific inquiry. Some science education research points to that in order for students to develop an understanding of the nature of science inquiry, teaching has to include activities explicitly focusing aspects of inquiry such as asking questions, observing and making inferences. In this study we draw on the theoretical framework of epistemic practices to analyse and design teaching with the purpose of developing students' capabilities to formulate questions for scientific inquiry. Epistemic practices refer to the ways people in a specific community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge claims within a disciplinary framework. From this perspective, formulating scientifically researchable questions makes sense only as part of epistemic practice in relation to a motive of knowledge production. The research question is: How can epistemic practices be established in upper-secondary school science where students are invited to participate in activities of formulating researchable questions?The study was carried out as a design-based research collaboration with a research team consisting of nine science teachers and four science education researchers. Data was collected in three cycles of design, intervention and analysis of research lessons with six classes in three different upper-secondary schools. The data consists of video-recordings of student interaction while engaging in tasks of formulating researchable scientific questions. The data is analysed using the didactical model of organizing purposes; distinguishing between overarching purposes and the student-orientated purposes emerging in interaction. The results indicate that the development of students’ capabilities to formulate researchable questions is situated in the processes of interaction with peers, and the conditions for situating the formulation of questions in a practice characterised by closeness to an epistemic object and gathering of observational data. Based on the results, we argue for a shift in science education from focusing students’ views of a generic nature of science or nature of science inquiry to focussing student participation in epistemic practices of various kinds.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Students’ capabilities to formulate scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education
- 2019
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In: NOFA7 ABSTRACTS Stockholm University, 13 - 15 May 2019. ; , s. 25-25
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A goal for science education is to develop student capabilities to participate in scientific inquiry. This includes various aspects of inquiry; formulating scientifically researchable questions as well as planning, performing, analyzing and presenting science investigations. In science education practices, there is a tradition of using practical or laboratory work to illustrate science concepts; focussing correct answers and reproduction of ready-made scientific knowledge, rather than engaging students in inquiry. Previous research shows that inquiry teaching predominantly engage students in investigating science questions as formulated beforehand by the teacher or a textbook. Little attention has been paid to what might characterize the capability of formulating scientifically researchable questions in school. In this study we draw on a theoretical framework of epistemic practices. Epistemic practices refer to the ways people in a specific community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge claims within a disciplinary framework. From this perspective, formulating and developing scientifically researchable questions makes sense only in relation to a motive of knowledge production. The aim of this study is to explore what might characterize students’ capabilities to formulate and develop scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education.The collected data consists of video-recordings of student interaction in group-work focussing formulating and developing scientifically researchable questions. Data was collected as part of a design-based study with six classes in three different schools. The video-recordings were transcribed in verbatim and analysed by the means of qualitative content analysis. The preliminary results suggest three themes: Formulation of scientifically researchable questions as:1) Working with the specification of the epistemic object. The theme illustrates how the students elaborated on the meaning of related scientific concepts and discussed cause and effect. 2) Specifying researchability by focussing on how to operationalize the epistemic object. The theme illustrates how the students reformulate their questions as part of a process of discussing e.g. measurability and variables.3) Making value-judgements of epistemic objects. The theme illustrates how the students distinguish between scientific and non-scientific questions and make value-judgements about relevance. The results contribute to an understanding of what the capability to engage in scientific inquiry as participation in collective epistemic work in an upper-secondary school science classroom might entail. The themes are related to the establishing of a specific scientific epistemic object. The results are discussed in relation to previous research in science education and the development of resources for teaching inquiry framing capabilities of inquiry as generic.
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| 6. |
- Barbateskovic, Marija, et al.
(author)
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A new tool to assess Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM) of interventions
- 2021
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In: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 135, s. 29-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To develop and validate Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM), a new tool for assessing clinical diversity between trials in meta-analyses of interventions. Study design and setting: The development of CDIM was based on consensus work informed by empirical literature and expertise. We drafted the CDIM tool, refined it, and validated CDIM for interrater scale reliability and agreement in three groups. Results: CDIM measures clinical diversity on a scale that includes four domains with 11 items overall: setting (time of conduct/country development status/units type); population (age, sex, patient inclusion criteria/baseline disease severity, comorbidities); interventions (intervention intensity/strength/duration of intervention, timing, control intervention, cointerventions); and outcome (definition of outcome, timing of outcome assessment). The CDIM is completed in two steps: first two authors independently assess clinical diversity in the four domains. Second, after agreeing upon scores of individual items a consensus score is achieved. Interrater scale reliability and agreement ranged from moderate to almost perfect depending on the type of raters. Conclusion: CDIM is the first tool developed for assessing clinical diversity in meta-analyses of interventions. We found CDIM to be a reliable tool for assessing clinical diversity among trials in meta-analysis.
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| 7. |
- Bellani, Gabriele, 1981-
(author)
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Velocity measurements in a fiber suspension flow: formation of a fiber network
- 2008
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the present work is to experimentally study the dynamics of the formation of a fiber network formed from the filtration of a fiber suspension. This is relevant for all industrial applications (e.g. papermaking, productions of composite material, etc.) where a suspension of fibers has to flow through narrow gaps, and the quality of the product depends on the distribution of mass and orientation of the fibers. To study the dynamics of network formation, we developed an experimental setup where the filtration of a fiber suspension through a semi-permeable screen can be studied. In the setup, both the fluid and the solid phase can be visualized. The focus of the present thesis is to study the fluid flow generated during the filtration. Index of refraction matching, image processing and particle image velocimetry have been used to measure the velocity field in the proximity of the resulting fiber network. Experiments with varying fiber length and filtration velocity have been performed. The disturbances generated by the screen and the forming network was found to be confined in a region (boundary region), whose extension varies with time: first, after the formation of the first fiber layers, the extent of the boundary region increases; at later times, the boundary region is thinner. The extent appears to be correlated to the gap size either of the screen (at very early times) or of the fiber network, but independent of the filtration velocity. Fluctuations on a scale larger than a fiber length are also observed during the filtration process. These fluctuations are found to be correlated to the nondimensional number Se that relates the sedimentation velocity of a fiber to the filtration velocity. The governing non-dimensional parameters are derived from the equations. The parameters are used to relate the experimental observations to the dewatering process in papermaking.
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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ANT-Maps : Visualising Perspectives of Business and Information Systems
- 2013
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In: ICIS 2013 Proceedings.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the IS-literature, graphical representations often accompany Actor Network Theory (ANT) analyses of IS-initiatives, serving as tools for improving visibility of the case and interest and power of actors. Building on a comprehensive literature survey, we identify a gap in existing visualisation approaches, as these mainly focus on offering visual support of the case. We present a visualisation approach and a generic, precise and well defined notation that is directly mapped to key concepts of ANT, highlighting the process of translating actors to commit to the implementation initiative. The approach is illustrated by an actor-network analysis of a particular IS-initiative in a Swedish media house.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Sustainability Impact of Open Innovation Software
- 2012
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In: Proceedings of the XXIII ISPIM Conference Action for Innovation: Innovating from Experience, Barcelona, Spain, 17-20 June 2012..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
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