| 1. |
- Gustavsson Binder, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Hydrogen from biogas as fuel for buses in cold climate - Analysing the feasibility to produce hydrogen from local biogas and use in city buses in Luleå
- 2024
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this study, we demonstrate that in certain cases, it can be advantageous to produce hydrogen from biogas and to use it in heavy-duty vehicles such as buses. In Luleå, it may be feasible to use hydrogen from biogas in city buses because there is a need for heating where waste heat from the fuel cell can be utilized. However, it is uncertain whether the waste heat is sufficient or if a separate auxiliary heater driven by diesel or HVO is needed. If such a heater is required, the conclusion is that hydrogen from biogas is suitable for other segments of heavy transportation, where battery electrification is not as suitable. Overall, our study shows that hydrogen from biogas may be interesting as a transitional fuel to increase the availability of environmentally friendly hydrogen until electrolyzer capacity is sufficiently expanded.At the same time, our mapping of the policy landscape concerning hydrogen and zero-emission buses shows that biohydrogen is disadvantaged in the EU's regulations on renewable hydrogen. This means that member states are restricted from providing support for investments to produce and distribute hydrogen from biogas and other biogenic feedstocks. The reason is that renewable hydrogen, according to EU terminology, is defined in the so-called delegated act on renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO). It is established that renewable hydrogen should be based on non-biological feedstocks (i.e., from electrolysis) and must meet a number of criteria.The results are interesting in the context of urban bus traffic rapidly moving towards zero-emission operation. In Sweden and many other countries, battery buses have become a common and obvious feature on city streets. But just like for other segments of heavy-duty vehicles, another technology to achieve zero-emission operation has also received increased attention, namely hydrogen and fuel cell buses. In Sweden, only a few fuel cell buses have been used - and moreover, only on a trial basis - but in several European cities, they have already begun to be used on a significant scale. An advantage of fuel cell operation with hydrogen from biogas is that it allows for the continued utilization of the biogas already produced and purchased for existing city bus traffic.System study consisting of two partsWe arrived at the result by investigating the suitability of both producing hydrogen from biogas at the existing sewage treatment plant in Luleå and the feasibility for LLT to use fuel cell buses in its city bus traffic. The study has considered both costs associated with each part and climate impact from a life cycle perspective for fuel production and bus operation.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lysenko, Olga, et al.
(author)
-
Positive climate and health impacts from upscaled use of heat pumps and solar panels in technology packages in EU-27 by 2050
- 2024
-
In: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - Stockholm : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 2352-5509. ; 44, s. 221-233
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Achieving the European Union's (EU-27) climate targets for 2050 requires moving away from fossil fuels, for which the necessary heating and cooling (H&C) technologies are mostly already available in the domestic sector. These H&C technologies, such as heat pumps and photovoltaic and thermal solar panels, reduce air pollution and thus have positive climate and health effects, but require the increased use of limited materials.Although the integration of such technologies into technology packages (TPs) further increases energy efficiency, monetary values of the climate and health effects of these TPs have not been assessed from a life cycle perspective including the production phase. Therefore, we monetize the full impacts of adopting such innovative H&C TPs in refurbished and new residential and tertiary buildings in the EU-27. With that aim, we combine an analysis of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions from the life cycle assessment of the TPs with long-term scenarios of H&C demand, to generate country-specific emissions (2030 and 2050).Accordingly, climate and health impacts are estimated using the Greenhouse gas and Air pollution Interactions and Synergies and Alpha RiskPoll models. The total estimated monetary benefits of TP implementation in the EU-27, including its health effects (dominated by reduced premature mortality) and climate impacts, are approximately 15–49 billion €2015 in 2030 and 34–123 billion €2015 in 2050. Furthermore, the benefits are 13 %–15 % higher if the health effects on all European countries are considered. These substantial benefits can justify the broader deployment of TP technologies in the future.
|
|
| 3. |
- Mata, Érika, et al.
(author)
-
Comparative modeling of cost-optimal energy system flexibility for Swedish and Austrian regions
- 2024
-
In: Environmental Research: Energy. - Göteborg : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 2753-3751. ; 1:1, s. 015004-015004
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study develops a reproducible method for estimating the cost-efficient flexibility potential of a local or regional energy system. Future scenarios that achieve ambitious climate targets and estimate the cost-efficient flexibility potential of demonstration sites were defined. Flexible potentials for energy system assessment are upscaled from the demonstration sites in Eskilstuna (Sweden) and Lower Austria (Austria). As heat pumps (HPs) and district heating (DH) are critical for future heat demand, these sites are representative types of DH networks in terms of size and integration with the electricity grid. In both regions a TIMES model is used for energy system optimization, while for upscaling, Eskilstuna uses the building-stock model ECCABS, whereas Lower Austria uses a mixed integer linear programming optimization model, and the BALMOREL power system model. According to the modeling, HPs will dominate Eskilstuna's heating sector by 2040. In Lower Austria, DH becomes more prevalent, in combination with wood biomass and HPs. These findings are explained by the postulated technological-economic parameters, energy prices, and CO2 prices. We conclude that future electricity prices will determine future heating systems: either a high share of centralized HPs (if electricity prices are low) or a high share of combined heat-and-power (if electricity prices are high). Large-scale energy storage and biomass can be essential solutions as may deliver increased cost-effectiveness, if available and under certain conditions.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nedashkovskaya, Olga I., et al.
(author)
-
Description of Algoriphagus aquimarinus sp nov., Algoriphagus chordae sp nov and Algoriphagus winogradskyi sp nov., from sea water and algae, transfer of Hongiella halophila Yi and Chun 2004 to the genus Algoriphagus as Algoriphagus halophilus comb. nov and emended descriptions of the genera Algoriphagus Bowman et al. 2003 and Hongiella Yi and Chun 2004
- 2004
-
In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 54:5, s. 1757-1764
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Four marine heterotrophic, aerobic, pink-pigmented and non-motile bacterial strains were isolated from sea water and algae collected in the Sea of Japan. In a polyphasic taxonomic study, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strains were phylogenetically highly related to Algoriphagus ratkowskyi LMG 21435T, a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Further phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic analyses revealed that the strains represent three novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the following names are proposed: Algoriphagus aquimarinus sp. nov., Algoriphagus chordae sp. nov. and Algoriphagus winogradskyi sp. nov., with type strains KMM 3958T (=LMG 21971T=CCUG 47101T), KMM 3957T (=LMG 21970T=CCUG 47095T) and KMM 3956T (=LMG 21969T=CCUG 47094T), respectively. The species Hongiella halophila Yi and Chun 2004 is transferred to the genus Algoriphagus as Algoriphagus halophilus comb. nov. because of its close phylogenetic relatedness to Algoriphagus species and analogous phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties. The above-mentioned novel species descriptions and species reclassification justify emended descriptions of the genera Algoriphagus and Hongiella.
|
|
| 5. |
- Nedashkovskaya, Olga I., et al.
(author)
-
Maribacter gen. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine habitats, containing the species Maribacter sedimenticola sp nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp nov., Maribacter orientalis sp nov and Maribacter ulvicola sp nov.
- 2004
-
In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 54, s. 1017-1023
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six novel gliding, heterotrophic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacteria were isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata, sea water and a bottom sediment sample collected in the Gulf of Peter the Great, Sea of Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strains studied were members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. On the basis of their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the novel bacteria have been assigned to the new genus Maribacter gen. nov., as Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov., with the type strains KMM 3903T (=KCTC 12966T=CCUG 47098T), KMM 3947T (=KCTC 12967T=CCUG 48008T), KMM 3949T (=KCTC 12968T=CCUG 48009T) and KMM 3951T (=KCTC 12969T=DSM 15366T), respectively.
|
|
| 6. |
- Nedashkovskaya, Olga I., et al.
(author)
-
Ulvibacter litoralis gen. nov., sp nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata
- 2004
-
In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 54, s. 119-123
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two heterotrophic, aerobic, Gram-negative, pigmented and non-motile marine bacteria that were isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata were studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that strain KMM 3912T formed a distinct lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, the novel bacteria were classified as Ulvibacter litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is KMM 3912T (=KCTC 12104T=CCUG 47093T).
|
|
