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| 2. |
- Månsson, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Patient-assessed outcomes in Swedish and Egyptian men undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution--a prospective comparative study.
- 2007
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In: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1527-9995 .- 0090-4295. ; 70:6, s. 1086-1090
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare two patient populations with assumed cultural differences undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution to determine whether these translate into differences in the answers to self-report instruments. METHODS: The questionnaires Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder Cancer (FACT-BL), consisting of a general version (FACT-G) and a bladder cancer specific module, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively to assess patient well-being, urologic symptoms, depression, and anxiety in 29 and 32 Swedish and Egyptian male patients, respectively. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the two groups. Higher FACT-G scores (ie, better outcomes) were obtained in the Swedish patients, both preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively, but not after 12 months. Differences were also seen in the urogenital assessment provided by the FACT-BL module. HADS revealed more depression among the Egyptian patients throughout the study period. Also, anxiety was more common preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively in the Egyptian patients, but not after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Swedish men scored better than Egyptian men on the FACT-BL and HADS, although the latter improved with time after surgery. These results show that patient-assessed outcomes differ in patients from different sociocultural backgrounds. This should be recognized when analyzing results from comparative studies. Also, the use of culture-fair instruments is important when assessing patients with different sociocultural backgrounds.
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| 3. |
- Thottappillil, Rajeev, et al.
(author)
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Response of Civilian Facilities to Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI), with Emphasis on the Swedish Railway Network
- 2005
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently a research program was initiated in Sweden to investigate the possible susceptibility of IEMI to civilian networks, with emphasis on the Swedish railway network. The objective is to develop a methodology for investigating and protecting sensitive railway facilities against IEMI and to recommend ways in which EMI control in the railways could be improved for better defense against IEMI. Details of the research program and some preliminary results are presented in this paper.
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| 5. |
- Tiainen, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Plasmid purification using non-porous anion-exchange silica fibres
- 2007
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In: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673. ; 1149:2, s. 158-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new type of fibre-based anion-exchange material for plasmid purification was developed. The basic material consisted of non-porous silica fibres with a mean diameter of 1.5 mu m and a surface area of 2.4 m(2) g(-1). The fibre surface was provided with several types of ligands, either by adsorption of polymers (chitosan or poly(ethyleneinune)) or by polymerization of amine-containing acrylic monomers onto a propyl methacrylatesilanized surface. The resulting polymer layers contained primary, tertiary or quaternary amines as ion-exchange groups. The packing density could be varied considerably, 9-34% (v/v). The loose packing structure provided excellent flow properties suitable for high-speed operations. The best overall performance was shown by silica fibres provided with tertiary amine polymers, having a plasmid-binding capacity of 0.9 mg ml(-1) (pre-purified plasmid) and a plasmid recovery of 62% (performance data remained stable though several adsorption cycles). The high flow rates possible with the fibre material made it especially useful when large volumes of cleared lysate were processed. The columns could be operated with retention of their adsorption properties at speeds of up to 1800 cm h(-1) equivalent to 0.5 column volumes per minute. The binding capacity was found to be lower than anticipated from the design of the fibres. Fluorescence imaging showing individual plasmid molecules indicated the fibre population to be heterogeneous with respect to plasmid adsorption, some fibres displaying poor binding properties. Possible reasons for this heterogeneity are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Ängskog, Per, 1964-
(author)
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Protection of Complex Infrastructure Systems against Intentional Electromagnetic Interference
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis the effects of, and defense against, antagonistic attacks using Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) are treated; especially when targeting infrastructure critical to society (CI).IEMI as a means to disturb or destroy electronic equipment draws its roots from military methods to interrupt or interfere with enemy activities. Especially since the end of the cold war these methods have been adopted by various criminal groups and have been utilized on several occasions. How often and the severity of the outcome is difficult to know since it is difficult to understand whether it is IEMI or something else that causes disturbances in computers, networks, sensors, and other types of electronic equipment. Contributing to this is the fact that IEMI does notl eave any viable forensic evidence when used. This, together with low interest in reporting security flaws publicly suggests that the number of incidents is underreported. Although not a large-scale problem, it could be devastating for the trust in the society’s ability to defend itself and its citizens. As IEMI as an antagonistic method has the capacity to interrupt the function of CIs, the need for protective measures has been raised by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB). Few reported cases, together with the antagonistic nature of the threat, render probabilistic risk analysis inadequate for the defense of infrastructures critical to society. Instead, a shift towards resilience engineering and vulnerability analysis is suggested to manage these antagonistic threats. As part of building protection improvement, the shielding efficiency of different generations of windows and panes has been measured and analyzed.
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| 7. |
- Agardh, Anette, et al.
(author)
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Health Risks in Same-Sex Attracted Ugandan University Students : Evidence from Two Cross-Sectional Studies
- 2016
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 11:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Widespread discrimination across much of sub-Saharan Africa against persons with same-sex sexuality, including recent attempts in Uganda to extend criminal sanctions against same-sex behavior, are likely to have profound effects on this group's health, health care access, and well-being. Yet knowledge of the prevalence of same-sex sexuality in this region is scarce. This study aimed to systematically examine prevalence of same-sex sexuality and related health risks in young Ugandan adults. We conducted two cross-sectional survey studies in south-western Uganda targeting student samples (n = 980, n = 1954) representing 80% and 72% of the entire undergraduate classes attending a university in 2005 and 2010, respectively. A questionnaire assessed items concerning same-sex sexuality (same-sex attraction/fantasies, same-sex sexual relations), mental health, substance use, experience of violence, risky sexual behavior, and sexual health counseling needs. Our findings showed that same-sex sexual attraction/fantasies and behavior were common among male and female students, with 10-25% reporting having sexual attraction/fantasies regarding persons of the same-sex, and 6-16% reporting same-sex sexual relations. Experiences of same-sex sexuality were associated with health risks, e.g. poor mental health (2010, AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.3), sexual coercion (2010, AOR 2.9; CI: 1.9-4.6), and unmet sexual health counseling needs (2010, AOR 2.2; CI: 1.4-3.3). This first study of young adults in Uganda with same-sex sexuality found high levels of health needs but poor access to health care. Effective response is likely to require major shifts in current policy, efforts to reduce stigmatization, and reorientation of health services to better meet the needs of this vulnerable group of young people.
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| 8. |
- Agrell, Per J., et al.
(author)
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Impacts on efficiency of merging the Swedish district courts
- 2020
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In: Annals of Operations Research. - : Springer. - 0254-5330 .- 1572-9338. ; 288:2, s. 653-679
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Judicial courts form a stringent example of public services using partially sticky inputs and outputs with heterogeneous quality. Notwithstanding, governments internationally are striving to improve the efficiency of and diminish the budget spent on court systems. Frontier methods such as data envelopment analysis are sometimes used in investigations of structural changes in the form of mergers. This essay reviews the methods used to evaluate the ex post efficiency of horizontal mergers. Identification of impacts is difficult. Therefore, three analytical frameworks are applied: (1) a technical efficiency comparison over time, (2) a metafrontier approach among mergers and non-mergers, and (3) a conditional difference-in-differences approach where non-merged twins of the actual mergers are identified by matching. In addition, both time heterogeneity and sources of efficiency change are examined ex post. The method is applied to evaluate the impact on efficiency of merging the Swedish district courts from 95 to 48 between 2000 and 2009. Whereas the stated ambition for the mergers was to improve efficiency, no structured ex post analysis has been done. Swedish courts are shown to improve efficiency from merging. In addition to the particular application, this work may inform a more general discussion on public service efficiency measurement under structural changes, and their limits and potential.
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| 9. |
- Ahlberg, Per, et al.
(author)
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Faunal turnovers and trilobite morphologies in the upper Cambrian Leptoplastus Zone at Andrarum, southern Sweden
- 2006
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In: Lethaia. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 0024-1164. ; 39:2, s. 97-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Furongian (upper Cambrian) Leptoplastus Zone marks a time of critical changes in the evolution of olenid trilobites. This zone, unexposed at Andrarum in Skane, southern Sweden, has been re-excavated and the sequence of faunas and sediments logged in detail. The faunal succession accords with that previously described from borehole cores by Westergard, and the subzones of L. paucisegmentatus, L. raphidophorus, L. crassicornis, L. ovatus, L. angustatus, and L. stenotus have been recognized. In the first two subzones the olenid assemblages are monospecific. At the base of the L. crassicornis Subzone more than one species is present and morphotypes with long genal spines appear for the first time. Faunal turnover is rapid, but the incoming of new species is invariably linked to an abrupt change in sedimentation, or follows an unfossiliferous interval; species either arose or migrated in after a time of environmental perturbation. Particular faunal associations are often confined to discrete sedimentary packages though some species may range through a succession of sedimentary changes. Leptoplastus crassicornis has very long genal spines, adapted for resting on the sea floor; it may have competed with the coeval, and very similar, L. angustatus. Subsequently, L. angustatus is accompanied by the stout-bodied, short-spined L. ovatus, which presumably occupied a different niche within the same environment. Leptoplastus stenotus is convergent on the much earlier L. paucisegmentatus, and likewise is found as a monospecific assemblage, presumably being adapted to a similar niche.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Chairmen's summary
- 2008
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, Supplementum. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-8886 .- 1651-2537 .- 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; :218, s. 7-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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