| 1. |
- Agholme, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Efficacy of a Sclerostin Antibody Compared to a Low Dose of PTH on Metaphyseal Bone Healing
- 2014
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In: Journal of Orthopaedic Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0736-0266 .- 1554-527X. ; 32:3, s. 471-476
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We compared the effect of a sclerostin antibody to that of a clinically relevant dose of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in a rat model for metaphyseal bone healing. Screws of steel or poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) were inserted bilaterally into the proximal tibia of young male rats. During 4 weeks the animals then received injections of either phosphate buffered saline (control), sclerostin antibody (25mg/kg, twice weekly) or PTH (5 mu g/kg, daily). The healing response around the screws was then assessed by mechanical testing and X-ray microtomography (mu CT). To distinguish between effects on healing and general effects on the skeleton, other untraumatized bone sites and serum biomarkers were also assessed. After 4 weeks of treatment, PTH yielded a 48% increase in screw pull-out force compared to control (p=0.03), while the antibody had no significant effect. In contrast, the antibody increased femoral cortical and vertebral strength where PTH had no significant effect. mu CT showed only slight changes that were statistically significant for the antibody mainly at cortical sites. The results suggest that a relatively low dose of PTH stimulates metaphyseal repair (screw fixation) specifically, whereas the sclerostin antibody has wide-spread effects, mainly on cortical bone, with less influence on metaphyseal healing.
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| 2. |
- Macias, Brandon R., et al.
(author)
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Paradoxical Sost gene expression response to mechanical unloading in metaphyseal bone
- 2013
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In: Bone. - : Elsevier. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 53:2, s. 515-519
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Sost gene encodes Sclerostin, an inhibitor of Wnt-signaling, generally considered a main response gene to mechanical loading in bone. Several papers describe that unloading leads to upregulation of Sost, which in turn may lead to loss of bone. These studies were based on whole bone homogenates or cortical bone. By serendipity, we noted an opposite response to unloading in the proximal rat tibia. Therefore, we hypothesized that Sost-expression in response to changes in mechanical load is bone site specific. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanOne hind limb of male, 3 month old rats was unloaded by paralyzing the extensors with Botulinium toxin A (Botox) injections. A series of experiments compared the expression of Sost mRNA in the unloaded and contralateral, loaded limbs, after 3 or 10 days, in metaphyseal cancellous bone, metaphyseal cortical bone, and diaphyseal cortical bone. We also conducted mu CT to confirm changes in bone volume density related to unloading. Sost mRNA expression in the cancellous metaphyseal bone was downregulated almost 2-fold, both 3 days and 10 days after unloading (Pandlt;0.05). A similar tendency was seen in the metaphyseal cortical bone, in which Sost was 1.5-fold downregulated (Pandlt;0.05) after 10 days, but not significantly changed after 3 days. In contrast, diaphyseal cortical Sost expression was instead upregulated 1.4-fold (Pandlt;0.05) following 3-day unloading, while there was no significant change after 10 days. Cancellous bone volume density was 58% lower (Pandlt;0.001, compared to cage controls) in the unloaded limb but not significantly affected in the loaded limb. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe results suggest that Sost mRNA expression in metaphyseal bone responds to mechanical unloading in an opposite direction to that observed in diaphyseal cortical bone. This proposes a more complex expression pattern for Sost in response to unloading. Therapeutics that target Sclerostin during altered loading conditions may result in local bone mass changes that are difficult to predict.
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| 3. |
- Sandberg, Olof, et al.
(author)
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Low dose PTH improves metaphyseal bone healing more when muscles are paralyzed
- 2014
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In: Bone. - : Elsevier. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 63, s. 15-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stimulation of bone formation by PTH is related to mechanosensitivity. The response to PTH treatment in intact bone could therefore be blunted by unloading. We studied the effects of mechanical loading on the response to PTH treatment in bone healing. Most fractures occur in the metaphyses, therefor we used a model for metaphyseal bone injury. One hind leg of 20 male SD rats was unloaded via intramuscular botulinum toxin injections. Two weeks later, the proximal unloaded tibia had lost 78% of its trabecular contents. At this time-point, the rats received bilateral proximal tibiae screw implants. Ten of the 20 rats were given daily injections of 5 μg/kg PTH (1-34). After two weeks of healing, screw fixation was measured by pull-out, and microCT of the distal femur cancellous compartment was performed. Pull-out force provided an estimate for cancellous bone formation after trauma. PTH more than doubled the pull-out force in the unloaded limbs (from 14 to 30 N), but increased it by less than half in the loaded ones (from 30 to 44 N). In relative terms, PTH had a stronger effect on pull-out force in unloaded bone than in loaded bone (p=0.03). The results suggest that PTH treatment for stimulation of bone healing does not require simultaneous mechanical stimulation.
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