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- Bacalini, MG, et al.
(author)
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Association of rs3027178 polymorphism in the circadian clock gene PER1 with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and longevity in an Italian population
- 2022
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In: GeroScience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-2723 .- 2509-2715. ; 44:2, s. 881-896
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many physiological processes in the human body follow a 24-h circadian rhythm controlled by the circadian clock system. Light, sensed by retina, is the predominant “zeitgeber” able to synchronize the circadian rhythms to the light-dark cycles. Circadian rhythm dysfunction and sleep disorders have been associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed at investigating the genetic variability of clock genes in AD patients compared to healthy controls from Italy. We also included a group of Italian centenarians, considered as super-controls in association studies given their extreme phenotype of successful aging. We analyzed the exon sequences of eighty-four genes related to circadian rhythms, and the most significant variants identified in this first discovery phase were further assessed in a larger independent cohort of AD patients by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The results identified a significant association between the rs3027178 polymorphism in the PER1 circadian gene with AD, the G allele being protective for AD. Interestingly, rs3027178 showed similar genotypic frequencies among AD patients and centenarians. These results collectively underline the relevance of circadian dysfunction in the predisposition to AD and contribute to the discussion on the role of the relationship between the genetics of age-related diseases and of longevity.
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- Nova, Isabella, et al.
(author)
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Influence of the substrate properties on the performances of NH3-SCR monolithic catalysts for the aftertreatment of diesel exhaust: an experimental and modeling study
- 2011
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In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5045 .- 0888-5885. ; 50:1, s. 299-309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of structural and geometrical characteristics of wash-coated monolith catalysts on the NO-NO2/NH3 selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity were experimentally investigated over the same Cu-exchanged zeolite system coated onto honeycomb cordierite substrates with different cell densities, lengths, washcoat loads, and channel shapes. A stacked configuration was also tested. Contrary to previous reports, it was found that both interphase and intraphase diffusional limitations appreciably affected the deNOx efficiency at intermediate to high temperatures, whereas entrance effects did not play a noticeable role in enhancing the NOx conversion. A two-phase 1D+1D dynamic mathematical model of SCR monolithic converters, which explicitly accounts for both gas/solid and intraporous mass-transfer resistances, successfully predicted all of the observed effects using a single set of rate parameters estimated from intrinsic kinetic runs performed over the same catalyst in powdered form, under diffusion-free conditions.
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- Wiemerslage, Lyle, et al.
(author)
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The Drosophila ortholog of TMEM18 regulates insulin and glucagon-like signaling
- 2016
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In: Journal of Endocrinology. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 229:3, s. 233-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) is an ill-described, obesity-related gene, but few studies have explored its molecular function. We found single-nucleotide polymorphism data, suggesting that TMEM18 may be involved in the regulation/physiology of metabolic syndrome based on associations with insulin, homeostatic model assessment-beta (HOMA beta), triglycerides, and blood sugar. We then found an ortholog in the Drosophila genome, knocked down Drosophila Tmem18 specifically in insulin-producing cells, and tested for its effects on metabolic function. Our results suggest that TMEM18 affects substrate levels through insulin and glucagon signaling, and its downregulation induces a metabolic state resembling type 2 diabetes. This work is the first to experimentally describe the metabolic consequences of TMEM18 knockdown, and further supports its association with obesity.
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