| 1. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(author)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 2. |
- Lindfors, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Jaw Exercises in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders : An International Modified Delphi Study
- 2019
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In: Journal of oral & facial pain and headache. - : Quintessence Publishing. - 2333-0376 .- 2333-0384. ; 33:4, s. 389-398
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To investigate whether an international consensus exists among TMD experts regarding indications, performance, follow-up, and effectiveness of jaw exercises.Methods: A questionnaire with 31 statements regarding jaw exercises was constructed. Fourteen international experts with some geographic dispersion were asked to participate in this Delphi study, and all accepted. The experts were asked to respond to the statements according to a 5-item verbal Likert scale that ranged from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” The experts could also leave free-text comments, which was encouraged. After the first round, the experts received a compilation of the other experts’ earlier responses. Some statements were then rephrased and divided to clarify the essence of the statement. Subsequently, the experts were then asked to answer the questionnaire (32 statements) again for the second round. Consensus was set to 80% agreement or disagreement.Results: There is consensus among TMD experts that jaw exercises are effective and can be recommended to patients with myalgia in the jaw muscles, restricted mouth opening capacity due to hyperactivity in the jaw closing muscles, and disc displacement without reduction. The patients should always be instructed in an individualized jaw exercise program and also receive both verbal advice and written information about the treatment modality.Conclusion: This Delphi study showed that there is an international consensus among TMD experts that jaw exercises are an effective treatment and can be recommended to patients with TMD pain and disturbed jaw function.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alén, Claes, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Slitsmurar som permanenta konstruktioner
- 2006
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Slitsmursteknik är internationellt en vanligt förekommande metod. Den användes framförallt vid djupa schakter för källare och infrastrukturkonstruktioner i innerstadsbebyggelse. Ett annat användningsområde är som tätskärm vid dammar eller deponier. När slitsmuren användes vid djupa schakter utnyttjas den normalt också i den permanenta konstruktionen, vilket ökar metodens ekonomiska konkurrenskraft. Vid tät stadsbyggnad har metoden stora fördelar tack vare sin begränsade omgivningspåverkan (buller, damm, deformationer etc) jämfört med spontslagning och sin goda ekonomi när den kan utnyttjas som permanent konstruktion.I Sverige har slitsmurar använts endast vi ett fåtal tillfällen och då endast som temporär konstruktion. De senaste exemplen är Götatunneln i Göteborg och Citytunneln i Malmö.Med ett ökat undermarksbyggande i våra större städer har intresset ökat för att också utnyttja slitsmuren i den permanenta konstruktionen och därigenom öka den ekonomiska nyttan och även ta mindre mark i anspråk under byggandetI avsikt att utreda möjligheten att kunna acceptera slitsmuren i permanenta konstruktioner tog Vägverket under år 2004 initiativet till ett branschgemensamt utvecklingsprojekt med Vägverket, Banverket och SBUF som finansiärer. Projektet skall resultera i en rekommendation om vilka begränsningar och förändringar som erfordras för att kunna utnyttja tekniken . Alternativt skall projektet utmynna i ett motiverat avstyrkande av tekniken. Behov av ytterligare utvecklingsarbete skall också identifierats.För projektets genomförande har en projektgrupp tillsatts representerande expertis inom de olika områden som är relevanta för slitsmurar. En referensgrupp med representerande för myndigheter, utförare , konsulteroch högskolor har sammankallats vid två tillfällen. Enskilda personer i referengruppen har intervjuats i speciella frågeställningar.Efter inledande litteraturstudier och seminarier i samband med en slitsmurskonferens arrangerad av Vägverket och Banverket har arbetet koncentrerats på följande områden:-Slitsmurens beständighet, framför allt frågeställningar beträffande krav på material ochutförande, konstruktiva lösningar samt sprickviddsbegränsninagr -Geotekniska frågeställningar speciellt med koppling till påverkan på slitsmurens täthet, kvalitet och beständighet.-Inverkan av stödvätska på den färdiga slitsmurskonstruktionens egenskaper -Internationella erfarenheter; brukare och entreprenörer har intervjuats om erfarenheter i driftsskedet och under utförandet. Arbetet och analyser har baserat på litteraturstudier, enkätsvar från beställare och entreprenörer, intervjuer med experter och myndigheter samt egna erfarenheter avslitsmursarbeten inom projektgruppen.För utredning av stödvätskans inverkan på den färdiga slitsmuren har fältförsök utfört vid Citytunnelprojektet i Malmö. Projektgruppen finner att man med dagens kunskaper kan rekommendera slitsmurar för permanent bruk under vissa förutsättningar t.ex:-Betongens vct skall vara mindre än 0,50-Vid konstruktioner med miljöbelastning motsvarande vägmiljö samt vid krav på torr inomhusmiljö bör en inre betongvägg utföras innanför slitsmuren.-Sprickvidden i permanentskedet bör inte överstiga 0,2mm. -Möjlighet finns att åstadkomma frostbeständig betong där så erfordras.-Den tillåtna vidhäftningsspänningen mellan betong och armering reduceras med 20 %. Vissa frågeställningar bör belysas ytterligare för att eventuellt kunna öka potential och ekonomi för permanenta slitsmurar t.ex:-Ett mer nyanserat sätt att formulera sprickviddskrav för att på ett relevant sätt kunna hantera vattentäthet, beständighet och omgivningspåverkan både i permanent- och utförandeskedet.-Vidhäftningens beroende av stödvätskan-Storlek av belastningar som användes vid dimensionering av slitsmurar-Påverkan på betongens hållfasthet och täthet av stödvätska, tillsatsmedel och arbetsutförande.-Påverkan av slitsmurens täthet på omgivningen.Viktiga faktorer för att uppnå ett bra kvalitet på den permanenta slitsmuren är bl.a:-Arbetesutförandet och erfarenheten hos slitsmursentreprenören är av avgörande betydelse för en bra kvalitet.-Samverkan mellan projektör, entreprenör och beställare är viktigt för att uppnå ett bra resultat. -Armeringens utformning och detaljlösningar vid anslutande bjälklag bör ägnas speciell omsorg. För tätt armerade konstruktioner i syfte att uppnå täta konstruktioner kan motverka sitt syfte.-Stödvätskans egenskaper och hantering har en avgörande inverkan på slutproduktens kvalitet.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Hadimeri, Ursula
(author)
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Factors affecting the physical characteristics of arterio-venous fistula in patients with renal failure
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background and PurposeA patent access is vital for a dialysis patient. The arterio-venous fistula (AVF), the most important access for haemodialysis (HD), is frequently affected by extensive complications such as stenosis and occlusions.Study I: To investigate whether the dimensions of AVFs used for performing haemodialysis were affected by the original disease.Study II: To investigate if the diameter of the distal radiocephalic fistula could influence left ventricular variables in stable haemodialysis patients.Study III: To investigate whether a single Far Infrared (FIR) light treatment could alter blood velocity, AVF diameter or inflammatory markers.Study IV: To evaluate in what extent the renal diagnosis and radiological interventions affected the dysfunction of AVF and results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).Materials and methodsStudy I: The lumen diameter of the AVF was studied by ultrasound in 19 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and in 19 control patients. The monitoring was performed along the forearm part of the vein, the maximal diameter was measured. The diameters of the two needle insertion sites were also measured.Study II: Nineteen patients were investigated with echocardiography, using M-mode recordings and measurements in the 2D image. Ultrasound and doppler ultrasound were performed. Transsonic measurements were performed after the ultrasound investigation. Measurements of the diameter of the AVF were performed in four locations. Heart variables were analysed regarding left ventricular (LV) criteria.Study III: Thirty patients with native AVF in the forearm were included. Each patient was his/her own control. Ultrasound examinations of the AVF diameter and blood flow velocity were performed before and after a single Far Infrared light (FIR) treatment.Study IV: 522 radiological investigations and endovascular treatments between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2014 were analysed in 174 patients, retrospectively. All investigations had been performed due to clinical suspicion of impaired AVF function. All stenoses were evaluated and the number, degree, length, location and relation to anastomosis were recorded. After PTA the remaining stenoses were evaluated again and complications were recorded.ResultsStudy I: The diameter of the AVF at the maximal site in patients with ADPKD was significantly wider than that for the control patients.Study II: A larger AVF mean and maximal diameter worsened left ventricular characteristics.Study III: A single FIR treatment resulted in a significant increase in blood velocity over the AV fistula from a mean of 2.1±1.0 m/s to 2.3±1.0 m/s. The diameter of the arterialized vein became wider, i.e. 0.72±0.02 to 0.80±0.02 cm. The increase in fistula blood velocity correlated positively with baseline serum-urate and the increase in venous diameter correlated positively with the baseline plasma orosomucoid concentration.Study IV: The degree of AVF stenosis before PTA correlated significantly with the degree of remaining stenosis after intervention. Arterial stenosis was significantly more frequent among patients with diabetic nephropathy and interstitial nephritis. A shorter life span between PTAs was related to diabetic nephropathy.ConclusionsStudy I: The receiving veins of AVF in patients with ADPKD have an abnormality that causes a greater than normal dilatation in response to the arterialization.Study II: The maximal diameter of the distal AVF seems to be a sensitive marker of LV impairment in stable haemodialysis patients.Study III: A single FIR treatment increased AVF blood velocity and vein diameter. Thus, one FIR treatment can help maturation of AVF in the early postoperative course.Study IV: Repeated PTA was performed significantly more often in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Clinically significant stenosis should be dilated as soon as possible. Occlusion of the AVF should be thrombolyzed and/or dilated when diagnosed.
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| 7. |
- Hagstrom, Emil, et al.
(author)
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IMPACT OF BODY WEIGHT AT AGE 20 AND WEIGHT GAIN DURING ADULTHOOD ON MIDLIFE CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM IN 15,000 MEN AND WOMEN : AN INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE SWEDISH CARDIOPULMONARY BIOIMAGE STUDY
- 2019
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In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 73:9, s. 1692-1692
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BackgroundElevated body weight in adolescence is strongly associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, or to weight gain with subsequent high adult weight is not known. Using data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), we investigated the association between weight at age 20, weight gain to midlife and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) at midlife.MethodsIn the first 15,810 participants in SCAPIS (mean age 58 years, 52% women), data on CACS at midlife, self-reported body weight at age 20 and weight at examination in SCAPIS were recorded.ResultsCACS in midlife was significantly higher with increasing weight at age 20 (p<0.001 for both sexes), and then increased with weight gain until midlife at all levels of body weight at age 20 after adjusting for age, height, smoking, alcohol intake, education level, exercise levels and LDL cholesterol. However, the association with weight gain was only significant in men (p = 0.047), not in women (p=0.474). No significant interaction was seen between weight at age 20 and midlife weight with CACS. The effect of weight at age 20 on CACS was significantly more marked in men than in women, as was the effect of weight gain (p<0.001 for both interactions).ConclusionWeight at age 20 and weight gain to midlife were both related to CACS, but much more markedly so in men than in women, indicating a generally larger effect of both early adult weight and further weight gain until midlife on CACS in men, compared to women.
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| 8. |
- Kalén, Anders, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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The content of bone morphogenetic proteins in platelets varies greatly between different platelet donors
- 2008
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In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 375:2, s. 261-264
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Platelet derivates and platelet rich plasma have been used to stimulate bone formation and wound healing because of the rich content of potent growth factors. However, not all reports have been conclusive since some have not been able to demonstrate a positive effect. We investigated the interindividual variation of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in platelets from healthy donors, and the pH-dependent effect on the release of BMPs in preparations of lysed platelets in buffer (LPB). Platelet concentrates from 31 healthy donors were prepared in pH 4.3 and pH 7.4 buffers and investigated with respect to BMP-2, -4, -6, and -7. BMP-2 and BMP-4 were significantly more common in acidic LPBs in comparison with neutral preparations. We also observed a considerable variation among platelet donors with respect to the release of BMPs at pH 4.3 and 7.4. In conclusion, a considerable variation was found among platelet donors, which may be of importance considering the ambiguous results previously reported on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Magnusson, Anders, 1949-
(author)
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Lärarkunskapens uttryck : en studie av lärares självförståelse och vardagspraktik
- 1998
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study departs in the question of what teachers really know. In cooperation with practising teachers I have investigated the knowledge that teachers develop and use in their daily work. The aim is to interpret, understand and portray this largely unformulated knowledge. From a pragmatic and interactionist perspective, the concepts teacher knowledge, teacher person and teacher practice are formulated in the study. The empirical part of the study investigates how the teachers express their knowledge in words and in actions. The outcome is interpreted in relation to teacher knowledge at a general level and the teacher's knowledge at a contextual level.In the study a qualitative and interpretive perspective is used. Ten teachers were interviewed and the material is accounted for in teacher portraits. Further, four teachers were observed and this material was portrayed in the form of school photographs. The two sets of data were combined, and the knowledge expressed in words and actions by the four teachers is, together with each teacher's specific knowledge, described in condensed form.The variation and the consistency in the teachers' expressed knowledge are regarded as the major results of the study. My contributions to teacher research are, thus, a presentation of central concepts in the form of thick descriptions, a diversification of the concept pedagogical tact, in relation to person and practice, and discovery of a consistency between words and actions. The results are unexpected and challenge research which sets out to describe the teacher's knowledge, teacher culture, and teachers' classroom behaviour in general terms. The results should be viewed in relation to changes in the social context and in the control of schools. In a pluralistic society where responsibilities are decentralized the teachers' task can be described in terms of coercion of action and interpretation. A diverse teacher knowledge has its rational base in a multiform school where teachers are faced with the demand to interpret and handle the conditions for the performance of their own work.
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