| 1. |
- Mahmoudzadeh, Batoul, et al.
(author)
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Evolution of fracture aperture mediated by dissolution in a coupled flow channel–rock matrix–stagnant zone system
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fracture aperture is an important entity controlling fluid flow in natural fractures in rocks. The aperture of fractures in crystalline rocks may decrease or increase by different mechanical and chemical mechanisms. A model to describe the evolution of fracture aperture mediated by dissolution and precipitation is presented in this study. It includes advective flow in the fracture that can carry in or away dissolved minerals. The model also accounts for the fact that dissolved minerals in the fracture plane, in both flow channel and stagnant water zone, can diffuse into the adjacent porous rock matrix. The analytical solution obtained in the Laplace space is then used to study evolution of the fracture aperture under combined influence of stress and flow, in a pseudo-steady-state procedure. The simulation results give insights into the most important processes and mechanisms that dominate the fracture closure or opening under different circumstances. It is found that the times involved for any changes in fracture aperture are very much larger than the times needed for concentrations of dissolved minerals to reach steady state in the rock matrix, the stagnant water zone and the flow channel. This suggests that the steady state model can be used to assess the evolution of concentration of dissolved minerals in the rock fracture. Moreover, it is shown that diffusion into the rock matrix, which acts as a strong sink or source for dissolved minerals, clearly dominates the rate of concentration change and consequently the rate of evolution of the fracture aperture.
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| 2. |
- Mahmoudzadeh, Batoul, 1983-
(author)
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Modeling Solute Transport in Fractured Rocks-Role of Heterogeneity, Stagnant Water Zone and Decay Chain
- 2014
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A model is developed to describe solute transport and retention in fractured rocks. It accounts for the fact that solutes not only can diffuse directly from the flowing channel into the adjacent rock matrix composed of different geological layers but can also at first diffuse into the stagnant water zone occupied in part of the fracture and then from there into the rock matrix adjacent to it. Moreover, the effect of radioactive decay-chain has also been studied in the presence of matrix comprising different geological layers. In spite of the complexities of the system, the analytical solution obtained for the Laplace-transformed concentration at the outlet of the flowing channel can conveniently be transformed back to the time domainby use of e.g. De Hoog algorithm. This allows one to readily include it into a fracture network modelorachannelnetwork model to predictnuclide transport through channels in heterogeneous fracturedmedia consisting of an arbitrary number of rock units withpiecewise constant properties. Simulations made in this study indicate that, in addition to the intact wall rock adjacent to the flowing channel, the stagnant water zone and the rock matrix adjacent to it may also lead to a considerable retardation of solute in cases with a narrow channel. The results further suggest that it is necessary to account for decay-chain and also rock matrix comprising at least two different geological layers in safety and performance assessment of the repositories for spent nuclear fuel. The altered zone may cause a great decrease of the nuclide concentration at the outlet of the flowing channel. The radionuclide decay, when accounted for, will drastically decrease the concentration of nuclides, while neglecting radioactive ingrowth would underestimate the concentration of daughter nuclides.
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| 3. |
- Mahmoudzadeh, Batoul, et al.
(author)
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Rock fracture closing moderated by pressure solution
- 2015
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In: Future Communication Technology and Engineering - Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Future Communication Technology and Engineering, FCTE 2014. - : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138027770 ; , s. 269-275
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fracture apertures may decrease or increase by different mechanical and chemical mechanisms when the fractures are subject to stress. A model is presented to describe fracture closure/opening that accommodates pressure dissolution at contacting asperities as well as free-face dissolution/precipitation at free faces of the fracture and of the rock matrix. The derived analytical model accounts for the fact that dissolved minerals carried by flowing water along the fracture can not only diffuse into and out of the adjacent rock matrix but also at first diffuse into the stagnant water zone existing in part of the fracture plane and then from there into and out of the rock matrix adjacent to it. The analytical solution is used to study fracture closure/opening rate in a pseudo steady state, PSS, procedure. This simple model allows us to gain some insights into which processes and mechanisms have the larger impact on the fracture aperture under different circumstances.
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| 4. |
- Mahmoudzadeh, Batoul, et al.
(author)
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Solute transport in a single fracture involving an arbitrary length decay chain with rock matrix comprising different geological layers
- 2014
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In: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. - : Elsevier. - 0169-7722 .- 1873-6009. ; 164, s. 59-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A model is developed to describe solute transport and retention in fractured rocks. It accounts for advection along the fracture, molecular diffusion from the fracture to the rock matrix composed of several geological layers, adsorption on the fracture surface, adsorption in the rock matrix layers and radioactive decay-chains. The analytical solution, obtained for the Laplace-transformed concentration at the outlet of the flowing channel, can conveniently be transformed back to the time domain by the use of the de Hoog algorithm. This allows one to readily include it into a fracture network model or a channel network model to predict nuclide transport through channels in heterogeneous fractured media consisting of an arbitrary number of rock units with piecewise constant properties. More importantly, the simulations made in this study recommend that it is necessary to account for decay-chains and also rock matrix comprising at least two different geological layers, if justified, in safety and performance assessment of the repositories for spent nuclear fuel.
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| 5. |
- Mahmoudzadeh, Batoul, et al.
(author)
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Solute transport in fractured rocks with stagnant water zone and rock matrix composed of different geological layers-Model development and simulations
- 2013
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In: Water resources research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 49:3, s. 1709-1727
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A model is developed to describe solute transport and retention in fractured rocks. It accounts for the fact that solutes can not only diffuse directly from the flowing channel into the adjacent rock matrix composed of different geological layers but also at first diffuse into the stagnant water zone occupied in part of the fracture and then from there into the rock matrix adjacent to it. In spite of the complexities of the system, it is shown that the analytical solution to the Laplace-transformed concentration at the outlet of the flowing channel is a product of two exponential functions, and it can be easily extended to describe solute transport through channels in heterogeneous fractured media consisting of an arbitrary number of rock units with piecewise constant geological properties. More importantly, by numerical inversion of the Laplace-transformed solution, the simulations made in this study help to gain insights into the relative significance and the different contributions of the rock matrix and the stagnant water zone in retarding solute transport in fractured rocks. It is found that, in addition to the intact wall rock adjacent to the flowing channel, the stagnant water zone and the rock matrix adjacent to it may also lead to a considerable retardation of solute in cases with a narrow channel.
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| 6. |
- Mahmoudzadeh, Batoul, et al.
(author)
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Solute transport through fractured rock : Radial diffusion into the rock matrix with several geological layers for an arbitrary length decay chain
- 2016
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In: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 536, s. 133-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents a model development to derive a semi-analytical solution to describe reactive solute transport through a single channel in a fracture with cylindrical geometry. The model accounts for advection through the channel, radial diffusion into the adjacent heterogeneous rock matrix comprising different geological layers, adsorption on both the channel surface, and the geological layers of the rock matrix and radioactive decay chain. Not only an arbitrary-length decay chain, but also as many number of the rock matrix layers with different properties as observed in the field can be handled. The solution, which is analytical in the Laplace domain, is transformed back to the time domain numerically e.g. by use of de Hoog algorithm. The solution is verified against experimental data and analytical solutions of limiting cases of solute transport through porous media. More importantly, the relative importance and contribution of different processes on solute transport retardation in fractured rocks are investigated by simulating several cases of varying complexity. The simulation results are compared with those obtained from rectangular model with linear matrix diffusion. It is found that the impact of channel geometry on breakthrough curves increases markedly as the transport distance along the flow channel and away into the rock matrix increase. The effect of geometry is more pronounced for transport of a decay chain when the rock matrix consists of a porous altered layer.
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| 7. |
- Mahmoudzadeh, Batoul
(author)
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Solute transport through fractured rocks : the influence of geological heterogeneities and stagnant water zones
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To describe reactive solute transport and retardation through fractured rocks, three models are developed in the study with different focuses on the physical processes involved and different simplifications of the basic building block of the heterogeneous rock domain. The first model evaluates the effects of the heterogeneity of the rock matrix and the stagnant water zones in part of the fracture plane. The second and the third models are dedicated to different simplifications of the flow channels. Both account for radioactive decay chain, but consider either a rectangular channel with linear matrix diffusion or a cylindrical channel with radial matrix diffusion. Not only an arbitrary-length decay chain, but also as many rock matrix layers with different geological properties as observed in the field experiments can be handled.The analytical solutions thus obtained from these three models for the Laplace-transformed concentration in the flow channel can all be conveniently transformed back to the time domain by use of e.g. de Hoog algorithm. This allows one to readily include the results into a fracture network model or a channel network model to predict nuclide transport through flow channels in heterogeneous fractured media consisting of an arbitrary number of rock units with piecewise constant properties. The relative impacts and contributions of different processes in retarding solute transport in fractured rocks can easily be evaluated by simulating several cases of varying complexity.Additionally, a model is developed to study the evolution of fracture aperture in crystalline rocks mediated by pressure dissolution and precipitation. It accounts for not only advective flow that can carry in or away dissolved minerals but also the fact that dissolved minerals in the fracture plane, in both the flow channel and the stagnant water zone, can diffuse into the adjacent porous rocks. The analytical solution obtained in the Laplace space is then used to evaluate the evolution of the fracture aperture under combined influence of stress and flow, in a pseudo-steady-state procedure. The simulation results give insights into the most important processes and mechanisms that dominate the fracture closure or opening under different circumstances.
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| 8. |
- Meng, Shuo, et al.
(author)
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Solute transport along a single fracture with a finite extent of matrix : A new simple solution and temporal moment analysis
- 2018
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In: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 562, s. 290-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new simple and robust solution, based on uniform steady-state flow velocity, is developed for the problem of solute transport in a fracture-matrix system with a finite penetration depth of a radioactive contaminant into the rock matrix. The solution is an extension of Liu et al. (2017) to finite penetration depth and an alternative solution strategy to the problem solved by Sudicky et al. (1982). The solution takes the form of a convolution of two functions. The first function describes the probability density function of the residence time distribution of a conservative solute resulting merely from advection and Fickian dispersion. The second function is actually the impulse response of the fracture-matrix system in the case of a plug flow without any hydrodynamic dispersion. As a result, the effects of Fickian dispersion and matrix diffusion on solute transport are decoupled, and thus the resulting breakthrough curve can be analyzed in terms of those two functions. In addition to this, the derived Péclet numbers of those two functions, based on temporal moments, are also found to be associated with the derived Péclet number of the resulting breakthrough curve. By comparing the Péclet numbers of those two functions, the contribution of Fickian dispersion and matrix diffusion to solute spreading is determined in a straightforward way. This can aid to find out the dominating mechanism on solute transport, and therefore the performance of breakthrough curve.
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| 9. |
- Rodriguez Gomez, Raul, et al.
(author)
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Copper and Zinc Removal Efficiency of Two Reactive Filter Media Treating Motorway Runoff-Model for Service Life Estimation
- 2021
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In: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 13:18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The predominant techniques used for road runoff treatment are sedimentation and filtration. In filtration systems, the ability of the media to adsorb the contaminants is a finite process. Consequently, construction, operation and maintenance managers of such systems should know in advance the service life, i.e., when the used medium should be replaced, and associated costs of operation and maintenance. A batch experiment followed by a packed bed reactor (PBR) experiment addressed the kinetics of the studied media argon oxygen decarburization slag (AOD) and Polonite, followed by the development of a 1D-model to describe the change of concentration of Cu and Zn within time. The batch test results showed that Cu and Zn adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherms for AOD and Polonite. Those results coupled with the linear driving force model and the developed model resulted in good agreement between the PBR results and the simulation. The model was capable to predict (i), the service life at the hydraulic load of 0.18 m/h for AOD (Cu: 395 d; Zn: 479 d) and Polonite (Cu: 445 d; Zn: 910 d), to show (ii) the profile concentration in the PBR within time and the gradient of the concentration along the height of the reactor.
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