| 1. |
- Berglund, E Carina, et al.
(author)
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Oral administration of methylphenidate blocks the effect of cocaine on uptake at the Drosophila dopamine transporter.
- 2013
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In: ACS chemical neuroscience. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7193. ; 4:4, s. 566-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although our understanding of the actions of cocaine in the brain has improved, an effective drug treatment for cocaine addiction has yet to be found. Methylphenidate binds the dopamine transporter and increases extracellular dopamine levels in mammalian central nervous systems similar to cocaine, but it is thought to elicit fewer addictive and reinforcing effects owing to slower pharmacokinetics for different routes of administration between the drugs. This study utilizes the fruit fly model system to quantify the effects of oral methylphenidate on dopamine uptake during direct cocaine exposure to the fly CNS. The effect of methylphenidate on the dopamine transporter has been explored by measuring the uptake of exogenously applied dopamine. The data suggest that oral consumption of methylphenidate inhibits the Drosophila dopamine transporter and the inhibition is concentration dependent. The peak height increased to 150% of control when cocaine was used to block the dopamine transporter for untreated flies but only to 110% for methylphenidate-treated flies. Thus, the dopamine transporter is mostly inhibited for the methylphenidate-fed flies before the addition of cocaine. The same is true for the rate of the clearance of dopamine measured by amperometry. For untreated flies the rate of clearance changes 40% when the dopamine transporter is inhibited with cocaine, and for treated flies the rate changes only 10%. The results were correlated to the in vivo concentration of methylphenidate determined by CE-MS. Our data suggest that oral consumption of methylphenidate inhibits the Drosophila dopamine transporter for cocaine uptake, and the inhibition is concentration dependent.
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| 2. |
- Makos, Monique A., et al.
(author)
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Chemical measurements in Drosophila
- 2009
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In: TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry. - 0165-9936. ; 28:11, s. 1223-1234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been extensively used as a model organism in genetics research and has significantly contributed to understanding molecular, cellular and evolutionary aspects of human behavior. Recently, research has focused on developing analytical methods to obtain highly sensitive chemical quantification along with spatiotemporal information from Drosophila melanogaster. We review a number of these advances in capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and technologies involving intact organisms, including in vivo electrochemistry.
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