| 1. |
- Boij, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Biomarkers of Coagulation, Inflammation, and Angiogenesis are Independently Associated with Preeclampsia
- 2012
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In: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY. - : John Wiley and Sons. - 1046-7408 .- 8755-8920. ; 68:3, s. 258-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Problem Although preeclampsia has been associated with inflammation, coagulation, and angiogenesis, their correlation and relative contribution are unknown. Method of Study About 114 women with preeclampsia, 31 with early onset (EOP) and 83 with late onset preeclampsia (LOP), and 100 normal pregnant controls were included. A broad panel of 32 biomarkers reflecting coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis was analyzed. Results Preeclampsia was associated with decreased antithrombin, IL-4 and placental growth factor levels and with increased C3a, pentraxin-3, and sFlt-1 levels, with more marked differences in the EOP group. The Th1-associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 were significantly higher in the preeclampsia and EOP group than in controls, respectively. No correlations between the biomarkers were found in preeclampsia. Multivariate logistic regression tests confirmed the results. Conclusions Cytokines, chemokines and complement activation seem to be part of a Th1-like inflammatory reaction in preeclampsia, most pronounced in EOP, where chemokines may be more useful than cytokines as biomarkers. Biomarkers were not correlated suggesting partly independent or in time separated mechanisms.
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| 2. |
- Akerstrom, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of Moisturizing Creams for the Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis Relapse: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Multicentre Clinical Trial
- 2015
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In: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2057 .- 0001-5555. ; 95:5, s. 587-592
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects adults and children and has a negative impact on quality of life. The present multicentre randomized double-blind controlled trial showed a barrier-improving cream (5% urea) to be superior to a reference cream in preventing eczema relapse in patients with AD (hazard ratio 0.634, p = 0.011). The risk of eczema relapse was reduced by 37% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 10-55%). Median time to relapse in the test cream group and in the reference cream group was 22 days and 15 days, respectively (p = 0.013). At 6 months 26% of the patients in the test cream group were still eczema free, compared with 10% in the reference cream group. Thus, the barrier-improving cream significantly prolonged the eczema-free time compared with the reference cream and decreased the risk of eczema relapse. The test cream was well tolerated in patients with AD.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berg, Thomas, 1975-
(author)
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Medical Treatment and Grading of Bell's Palsy
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of prednisolone and valaciclovir in a large number of Bell's palsy patients. The incidence and intensity of pain around the ear, in the face or in the neck during the first two months of palsy, and its prognostic value, was also assessed. We also investigated how study design and choice of analysis method affect the rate of facial recovery. Furthermore, the agreement between the Sunnybrook, House-Brackmann and Yanagihara facial grading systems was evaluated. From May 2001 to September 2007, a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial with 12-month follow-up was performed in patients with Bell's palsy. Of 839 randomised patients, 829 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis; 206 received placebo plus placebo, 210 prednisolone plus placebo, 207 valaciclovir plus placebo, and 206 prednisolone plus valaciclovir. Time to recovery was significantly shorter in the 416 patients who received prednisolone compared with the 413 who did not (p<0.0001). At 12 months, 300 of 416 patients (72%) in the prednisolone group had recovered compared with 237 of 413 patients (57%) in the no prednisolone group (p<0.0001). Valaciclovir was not found to affect time to facial recovery or outcome at 12 months. Prednisolone and/or valaciclovir did not affect the incidence or intensity of pain. Presence of pain at day 11 to 17 indicated a worse prognosis for facial recovery at 12 months. We also found that recovery rates in a Bell's palsy trial are substantially affected by the choice of analysis method and definition of facial recovery. We used weighted Kappa statistics in 100 examinations of patients with facial palsy to assess the agreement between the Sunnybrook, House-Brackmann and Yanagihara scales. The highest agreement was found between the regional Sunnybrook and Yanagihara scales. An evaluative difference between the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann systems was observed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gräslund Berg, Elisabeth, 1969-
(author)
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Till prästens bruk och nytta : Jord till prästgårdar i Sverige under medeltid och tidigmodern tid
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis examines the origins and the subsequent developments of glebes and parsonages in Sweden. How was land for the provisioning of parish priests, i.e. the glebe, allocated in areas that were already owned, settled and cultivated? The establishment of glebes is examined in the context of a theoretical framework that prioritises relations between spatial form and social processes. The empirical study comprises two blocks of investigations. The first is an explorative examination of the spatial structure of glebes and parsonages in four counties during the 17th and 18th centuries. The sources are land survey maps and ecclesiastical registers. The second block of investigations focuses on the social processes pertaining to the creation and changing of glebes and parsonages during the 13th to 15th centuries. This is conducted through thirteen case studies of medieval documents. It is shown that glebes and parsonages, in some cases, were established long after the churches were built. These results differ from the commonly held view concerning the founding of glebes in Sweden. The manner in which a parish priest was provisioned was apparently not fixed after the building of the first parish church, but was subject to continuous change that was dependent on place-bound circumstances. Glebes and parsonages were often single farms where land was held in severalty. The background of this process of separation from other farms may have had as its rationale a desire by the church to regulate the social relations between the clergy and the commoners by spatial means.
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| 7. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(author)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 8. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N., et al.
(author)
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The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts
- 2014
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:24, s. 4701-4735
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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| 9. |
- Aghaeipour, Mahtab, et al.
(author)
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Optical response of wurtzite and zinc blende GaP nanowire arrays
- 2015
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In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 23:23, s. 30177-30187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We compare the optical response of wurtzite and zinc blende GaP nanowire arrays for varying geometry of the nanowires. We measure reflectance spectra of the arrays and extract from these measurements the absorption in the nanowires. To support our experimental findings and to allow for more detailed investigations of the optical response of the nanowire arrays than possible in experiments, we perform electromagnetic modeling. This modeling highlights the validity of the extraction of the absorptance from reflectance spectra, as well as limitations of the extraction due to anti-reflection properties of the nanowires. In our combined experimental and theoretical study, we find for both zinc blende and wurtzite nanowires an absorption resonance that can be tuned into the ultraviolet by decreasing the diameter of the nanowires. This peak stops blue-shifting with decreasing nanowire diameter at a wavelength of approximately 330 nm for zinc blende GaP. In contrast, for the wurtzite GaP nanowires, the resonance continues blue-shifting at 310 nm for the smallest diameters we succeeded in fabricating. We interpret this as a difference in refractive index between wurtzite and zinc blende GaP in this wavelength region. These results open up for optical applications through resonant absorption in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength regions with both zinc blende and wurtzite GaP nanowire arrays. Notably, zinc blende and wurtzite GaP support resonant absorption deeper into the ultraviolet region than previously found for zinc blende and wurtzite InP and InAs. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
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| 10. |
- Ait Ali, Abderrahman, 1991-, et al.
(author)
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Assessing Innovations in High-Speed Rail Infrastructure
- 2023
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In: Socioeconomic Impacts of High-Speed Rail Systems - Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on High-Speed Rail Socioeconomic Impacts, IW-HSR 2022. - Stockholm : Springer Nature. ; , s. 217-233, s. 217-233
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Innovations in high-speed rail (HSR) have had substantial effects on different stakeholders within and outside the railway system. As part of the European Shift2Rail research programme, several innovative solutions are developed for, among others, improving the HSR infrastructure. The Joint Undertaking behind this research program has set objectives for these innovations in terms of punctuality, capacity, and life cycle costs. With a focus on infrastructure-related innovations for HSR, this paper aims at assessing their impacts in relation to these targets. We review the relevant research literature about the effects of HSR innovations and their assessment. The paper presents a hybrid assessment methodology combing different approaches to assess capacity, punctuality, and cost effects. This contributes to reducing the existing gap that is found in the research literature. Based on a reference scenario for HSR line and collected data from different stakeholders, the results indicate that infrastructure innovations in HSR, being developed within the European Shift2Rail research programme, can contribute to reaching the target set for punctuality. Further innovations in HSR infrastructure and/or other railway assets may be needed to reach additional targets and for more accurate improvement values giving more insights into their impacts.
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