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- Gerhardsson, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Mothers' Adaptation to a Late Preterm Infant When Breastfeeding
- 2020
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In: Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0893-2190 .- 1550-5073. ; 34:1, s. 88-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to psychometrically test the Adaptation to the Late Preterm Infant when Breastfeeding Scale (ALPIBS) and also to test how a mother's self-efficacy predicts adaptation to a late preterm infant when breastfeeding. This study had a longitudinal and prospective design, and data collection was consecutive. Mothers (n = 105) with infants born between and weeks were recruited from a neonatal intensive care unit or a maternity unit. The ALPIBS was developed using exploratory factor analysis, and the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and ALPIBS score was examined using linear regression analysis. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form instrument was used to measure self-efficacy in breastfeeding. A higher degree of self-efficacy was significantly associated with a higher degree of adaptation to the late preterm infant's breastfeeding behavior (P < .001). We identified 4 separate underlying factors measured by 11 items in the ALPIBS: (A) breastfeeding is a stressful event; (B) the infant should breastfeed as often as he or she wants; (C) a mother has to breastfeed to be a good mother; and (D) it is important to ensure control over the infant's feeding behavior. There is a link between self-efficacy and ALPIBS score, and self-efficacy is a modifiable factor that influences breastfeeding.
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| 3. |
- Josefsson, Torbjörn, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Mindfulness Mechanisms in Sports: Mediating Effects of Rumination and Emotion Regulation on Sport-Specific Coping
- 2017
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In: Mindfulness. - New York, NY : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-8527 .- 1868-8535. ; 8:5, s. 1354-1363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main objective of the project was to examine a proposed theoretical model of mindfulness mechanisms in sports. We conducted two studies (the first study using a cross-sectional design and the second a longitudinal design) to investigate if rumination and emotion regulation mediate the relation between dispositional mindfulness and sport-specific coping. Two hundred and forty-two young elite athletes, drawn from various sports, were recruited for the cross-sectional study. For the longitudinal study, 65 elite athletes were recruited. All analyses were performed using Bayesian statistics. The path analyses showed credible indirect effects of dispositional mindfulness on coping via rumination and emotion regulation in both the cross-sectional study and the longitudinal study. Additionally, the results in both studies showed credible direct effects of dispositional mindfulness on rumination and emotion regulation. Further, credible direct effects of emotion regulation as well as rumination on coping were also found in both studies. Our findings support the theoretical model, indicating that rumination and emotion regulation function as essential mechanisms in the relation between dispositional mindfulness and sport-specific coping skills. Increased dispositional mindfulness in competitive athletes (i.e. by practicing mindfulness) may lead to reductions in rumination, as well as an improved capacity to regulate negative emotions. By doing so, athletes may improve their sport-related coping skills, and thereby enhance athletic performance.
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| 4. |
- Klarare, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Analysis of the Attitudes Towards Homelessness Inventory for Use in Sweden
- 2021
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In: Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1545-102X .- 1741-6787. ; 18:1, s. 42-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Homelessness is an increasing problem worldwide, and the origins of homelessness in high-income countries are multifaceted. Due to stigma and discrimination, persons in homelessness delay seeking health care, resulting in avoidable illness and death. The Attitudes Towards Homelessness Inventory (ATHI) was developed to cover multiple dimensions of attitudes toward persons in homelessness and to detect changes in multiple segments of populations. It has, however, not previously been translated to Swedish.AIMS: The aim of the present study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and psychometrically test the ATHI for use in a Swedish healthcare context.METHODS: The project used a traditional forward- and back-translation process in six stages: (1) two simultaneous translations by bilingual experts; (2) expert review committee synthesis; (3) blind back-translation; (4) expert review committee deliberations; (5) pre-testing with cognitive interviews including registered nurses (n = 5), nursing students (n = 5), and women in homelessness (n = 5); and (6) psychometric evaluations. The final ATHI questionnaire was answered by 228 registered nurses and nursing students in the year 2019.RESULTS: The translation process was systematically conducted and entailed discussions regarding semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine if the collected data fitted the hypothesized four-factor structure of the ATHI. Overall, it was found that the model had an acceptable fit and that the Swedish version of ATHI may be used in a Swedish healthcare context.LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: The ATHI has been shown to be a psychometrically acceptable research instrument for use in a Swedish healthcare context. The systematic and rigorous process applied in this study, including experts with diverse competencies in translation proceedings and testing, improved the reliability and validity of the final Swedish version of the ATHI. The instrument may be used to investigate attitudes toward women in homelessness among nursing students and RNs in Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Aldrin-Kirk, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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Chemogenetic modulation of cholinergic interneurons reveals their regulating role on the direct and indirect output pathways from the striatum
- 2018
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In: Neurobiology of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-9961. ; 109, s. 148-162
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The intricate balance between dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission in the striatum has been thoroughly difficult to characterize. It was initially described as a seesaw with a competing function of dopamine versus acetylcholine. Recent technical advances however, have brought this view into question suggesting that the two systems work rather in concert with the cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) driving dopamine release. In this study, we have utilized two transgenic Cre-driver rat lines, a choline acetyl transferase ChAT-Cre transgenic rat and a novel double-transgenic tyrosine hydroxylase TH-Cre/ChAT-Cre rat to further elucidate the role of striatal ChIs in normal motor function and in Parkinson's disease. Here we show that selective and reversible activation of ChIs using chemogenetic (DREADD) receptors increases locomotor function in intact rats and potentiate the therapeutic effect of L-DOPA in the rats with lesions of the nigral dopamine system. However, the potentiation of the L-DOPA effect is accompanied by an aggravation of L-DOPA induced dyskinesias (LIDs). These LIDs appear to be driven primarily through the indirect striato-pallidal pathway since the same effect can be induced by the D2 agonist Quinpirole. Taken together, the results highlight the intricate regulation of balance between the two output pathways from the striatum orchestrated by the ChIs.
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| 8. |
- Aldrin-Kirk, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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DREADD Modulation of Transplanted DA Neurons Reveals a Novel Parkinsonian Dyskinesia Mechanism Mediated by the Serotonin 5-HT6 Receptor
- 2016
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In: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273. ; 90:5, s. 955-968
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transplantation of DA neurons is actively pursued as a restorative therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pioneering clinical trials using transplants of fetal DA neuroblasts have given promising results, although a number of patients have developed graft-induced dyskinesias (GIDs), and the mechanism underlying this troublesome side effect is still unknown. Here we have used a new model where the activity of the transplanted DA neurons can be selectively modulated using a bimodal chemogenetic (DREADD) approach, allowing either enhancement or reduction of the therapeutic effect. We show that exclusive activation of a cAMP-linked (Gs-coupled) DREADD or serotonin 5-HT6 receptor, located on the grafted DA neurons, is sufficient to induce GIDs. These findings establish a mechanistic link between the 5-HT6 receptor, intracellular cAMP, and GIDs in transplanted PD patients. This effect is thought to be mediated through counteraction of the D2 autoreceptor feedback inhibition, resulting in a dysplastic DA release from the transplant.
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| 9. |
- Almqvist, Bjarne, et al.
(author)
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Magnetic characterisation of magnetite and hematite from the Blötberget apatite-iron-oxide deposits (Bergslagen), south-central Sweden
- 2019
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In: Canadian journal of earth sciences (Print). - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0008-4077 .- 1480-3313. ; 56:9, s. 948-957
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rock magnetic measurements were carried out on drill core material and hand specimens from the Blötberget apatite-iron oxide deposit in the Bergslagen ore province, south-central Sweden, to characterise their magnetic properties. Measurements included several kinds of magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis parameters. Petrographic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to independently identify and quantify the amount and type of magnetite and hematite. Two hematite-rich samples were studied with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to quantify the trace element chemistry in hematite and investigate the potential influence of trace elements on magnetic properties. Three aspects of this study are noteworthy. 1) Hematite-rich samples display strong anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, which is likely to affect the appearance and modelling of magnetic anomalies. 2) The magnitude-drop in susceptibility across Curie and Néel temperature transitions show significant correlation with the respective weight percent (wt%) of magnetite and hematite. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements can therefore be used to infer the amounts of both magnetite and hematite. 3) observations of a strongly depressed Morin transition at ca -60 to -70 C (200 to 210 K) are made during low-temperature susceptibility measurements. This anomalous Morin transition is most likely related to trace amounts of V and Ti that substitute for Fe in the hematite. When taken together, these magnetic observations improve the understanding of the magnetic anomaly signature of the Blötberget apatite-iron oxide deposits and may potentially be utilised in a broader context when assessing similar (Paleoproterozoic) apatite-iron oxide systems.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Per Ola, et al.
(author)
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A novel ATR-FTIR method for functionalised surface characterisation
- 2008
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In: Surface and Interface Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0142-2421 .- 1096-9918. ; 40:3-4, s. 623-626
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We demonstrate a novel method to analyse ex situ prepared chips by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), which circumvents tedious functionalisation steps of internal reflection elements (IREs), and simultaneously allows for complementary measurements by other analytical techniques. This concept is proved by utilising immobilised metal affinity capture (IMAC) chips containing about 10 gm thick films of copolymers coated with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) groups. With this so-called 'upside-down' ATR-FTIR technique, each chemical modification step can be followed and optimised with respect to concentration, buffer, pH, ionic strength, and so on, and there are no limitations in variations or numbers of functionalised surfaces that can be generated. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to determine the molecular structure of ligand bonded to immobilised polypeptide, directly observed in the raw ATR-FTIR spectrum. Peptide adsorption in a thick NTA-copolymer matrix yields a high peptide concentration as determined by the analysis of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Combined with the 'upside-down' ATR-FTIR approach which samples the outermost region of the exposed NTA-copolymer film, this generates well-resolved amide I and II absorption bands that reduce the necessity of using D2O based buffers, which otherwise is common in mid-IR spectroscopy of proteins. We believe that this new optical surface characterisation method has a great potential as a stand-alone or complementary analytical tool. We emphasise further that with this approach no chemical treatment of IREs is needed; the chips can be regenerated and reused, and analysed by complementary analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry.
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