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| 2. |
- Carling, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Vacancies in metals : From first-principles calculations to experimental data
- 2000
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 85:18, s. 3862-3865
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have revealed, and resolved, an apparent inability of density functional theory, within the local density and generalized gradient approximations, to describe vacancies in Al accurately and consistently. The shortcoming is due to electron correlation effects near electronic edges and we show how to correct for them. We find that the divacancy in Al is energetically unstable and we show that anharmonic atomic vibrations explain the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the vacancy concentration.
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| 3. |
- Mattsson, T. R., et al.
(author)
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Quantifying the anomalous self-diffusion in molybdenum with first-principles simulations
- 2009
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 80:22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- First-principles molecular-dynamics simulations based on a recently developed exchange-correlation functional show that self-diffusion in the refractory metal molybdenum is associated with strongly temperature-dependent activation energies for vacancy formation and migration. While static calculations of self-diffusion rates based on transition-state theory deviate systematically from experiments, with up to two orders of magnitude, the current results are accurate to within a mean deviation of 4 over the experimental range in temperature.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Agrawal, K., et al.
(author)
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Allergic sensitization impairs lung resident memory CD8 T-cell response and virus clearance
- 2022
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In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749. ; 150:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patients with asthma often suffer from frequent respiratory viral infections and reduced virus clearance. Lung resident memory T cells provide rapid protection against viral reinfections. Objective: Because the development of resident memory T cells relies on the lung microenvironment, we investigated the impact of allergen sensitization on the development of virus-specific lung resident memory T cells and viral clearance. Methods: Mice were sensitized with house dust mite extract followed by priming with X47 and a subsequent secondary influenza infection. Antiviral memory T-cell response and protection to viral infection was assessed before and after secondary influenza infection, respectively. Gene set variation analysis was performed on data sets from the U-BIOPRED asthma cohort using an IFN-γ–induced epithelial cell signature and a tissue resident memory T-cell signature. Results: Viral loads were higher in lungs of sensitized compared with nonsensitized mice after secondary infection, indicating reduced virus clearance. X47 priming induced fewer antiviral lung resident memory CD8 T cells and resulted in lower pulmonary IFN-γ levels in the lungs of sensitized as compared with nonsensitized mice. Using data from the U-BIOPRED cohort, we found that patients with enrichment of epithelial IFN-γ–induced genes in nasal brushings and bronchial biopsies were also enriched in resident memory T-cell–associated genes, had more epithelial CD8 T cells, and reported significantly fewer exacerbations. Conclusions: The allergen-sensitized lung microenvironment interferes with the formation of antiviral resident memory CD8 T cells in lungs and virus clearance. Defective antiviral memory response might contribute to increased susceptibility of patients with asthma to viral exacerbations.
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| 6. |
- Aldestam, Mona, 1968-
(author)
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EC State aid rules : An analysis of the selectivity criterion
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The application of Art. 87(1) EC to taxes above all is connected to the application of the derogation method, which appears to be part of the selectivity criterion. This dissertation examines the application of the derogation method and the assessment of the selectivity criterion applied to taxes, primarily de lege lata, but also de lege ferenda. It begins with an analysis of the relationship among the criteria of Article 87(1) EC and continues with an analysis of the relationship between the derogation method and the assessment of the selectivity criterion applied to taxes. Several scholars have criticised the application of the derogation method because of the difficulty of identifying a derogation and of establishing the benchmark against which the derogation should be assessed. In this dissertation both the benchmark and the establishment of a derogation is analysed, partly with reference to the tax expenditure debate that occurred in the subject area of international taxation during the 1970s and 1980s. The selectivity criterion applied to taxes contains an assessment of justification, whereby the selective nature of a measure can be justified on the basis of the nature or general scheme of the system: Therfore the meaning and implications of this assessment are also examined. After all these issues have been examined de lege lata, the extents to which the application of the derogation method and the assessment of the selectivity criterion follow a logical system are discussed and recommendations for eliminating the identified deficiences are put forward.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Evelyn, et al.
(author)
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Genetics of response to cognitive behavior therapy in adults with major depression : a preliminary report
- 2019
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In: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 24:4, s. 484-490
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Major depressive disorder is heritable and a leading cause of disability. Cognitive behavior therapy is an effective treatment for major depression. By quantifying genetic risk scores based on common genetic variants, the aim of this report was to explore the utility of psychiatric and cognitive trait genetic risk scores, for predicting the response of 894 adults with major depressive disorder to cognitive behavior therapy. The participants were recruited in a psychiatric setting, and the primary outcome score was measured using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale-Self Rated. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays were used to calculate the genomic risk scores based on large genetic studies of six phenotypes: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intelligence, and educational attainment. Linear mixed-effect models were used to test the relationships between the six genetic risk scores and cognitive behavior therapy outcome. Our analyses yielded one significant interaction effect (B = 0.09, p < 0.001): the autism spectrum disorder genetic risk score correlated with Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale-Self Rated changes during treatment, and the higher the autism spectrum disorder genetic load, the less the depressive symptoms decreased over time. The genetic risk scores for the other psychiatric and cognitive traits were not related to depressive symptom severity or change over time. Our preliminary results indicated, as expected, that the genomics of the response of patients with major depression to cognitive behavior therapy were complex and that future efforts should aim to maximize sample size and limit subject heterogeneity in order to gain a better understanding of the use of genetic risk factors to predict treatment outcome.
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| 9. |
- Bemark, Mats, 1967, et al.
(author)
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A Unique Role of the Cholera Toxin A1-DD Adjuvant for Long-Term Plasma and Memory B Cell Development
- 2011
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In: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 186:3, s. 1399-1410
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adjuvants have traditionally been appreciated for their immunoenhancing effects, whereas their impact on immunological memory has largely been neglected. In this paper, we have compared three mechanistically distinct adjuvants: aluminum salts (Alum), Ribi (monophosphoryl lipid A), and the cholera toxin A1 fusion protein CTA1-DD. Their influence on long-term memory development was dramatically different. Whereas a single immunization i.p. with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-chicken γ-globulin and adjuvant stimulated serum anti-NP IgG titers that were comparable at 5 wk, CTA1-DD–adjuvanted responses were maintained for >16 mo with a half-life of anti-NP IgG ∼36 wk, but <15 wk after Ribi or Alum. A CTA1-DD dose-dependent increase in germinal center (GC) size and numbers was found, with >60% of splenic B cell follicles hosting GC at an optimal CTA1-DD dose. Roughly 7% of these GC were NP specific. This GC-promoting effect correlated well with the persistence of long-term plasma cells in the bone marrow and memory B cells in the spleen. CTA1-DD also facilitated increased somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation of NP-specific IgG Abs in a dose-dependent fashion, hence arguing that large GC not only promotes higher Ab titers but also high-quality Ab production. Adoptive transfer of splenic CD80+, but not CD80−, B cells, at 1 y after immunization demonstrated functional long-term anti-NP IgG and IgM memory cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to specifically compare and document that adjuvants can differ considerably in their support of long-term immune responses. Differential effects on the GC reaction appear to be the basis for these differences.
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| 10. |
- Bemark, Mats, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Limited clonal relatedness between gut IgA plasma cells and memory B cells after oral immunization
- 2016
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding how memory B cells are induced and relate to long-lived plasma cells is important for vaccine development. Immunity to oral vaccines has been considered short-lived because of a poor ability to develop IgA B-cell memory. Here we demonstrate that long-lived mucosal IgA memory is readily achieved by oral but not systemic immunization in mouse models with NP hapten conjugated with cholera toxin and transfer of B1-8high /GFP+ NP-specific B cells. Unexpectedly, memory B cells are poorly related to long-lived plasma cells and less affinity-matured. They are α4β7-integrin+ CD73+ PD-L2+ CD80+ and at systemic sites mostly IgM+, while 80% are IgA+ in Peyer's patches. On reactivation, most memory B cells in Peyer's patches are GL7+, but expand in germinal centres and acquire higher affinity and more mutations, demonstrating strong clonal selection. CCR9 expression is found only in Peyer's patches and appears critical for gut homing. Thus, gut mucosal memory possesses unique features not seen after systemic immunization. © 2016 The Author(s).
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