| 1. |
- Mulder, J., et al.
(author)
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Bayesian model selection of informative hypotheses for repeated measurements
- 2009
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In: Journal of mathematical psychology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-2496 .- 1096-0880. ; 53:6, s. 530-546
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When analyzing repeated measurements data, researchers often have expectations about the relations between the measurement means. The expectations can often be formalized using equality and inequality constraints between (i) the measurement means over time, (ii) the measurement means between groups, (iii) the means adjusted for time-invariant covariates, and (iv) the means adjusted for time-varying covariates. The result is a set of informative hypotheses. In this paper, the Bayes factor is used to determine which hypothesis receives most support from the data. A pivotal element in the Bayesian framework is the specification of the prior. To avoid subjective prior specification, training data in combination with restrictions on the measurement means are used to obtain so-called constrained posterior priors. A simulation study and an empirical example from developmental psychology show that this prior results in Bayes factors with desirable properties.
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| 2. |
- Denissen, Jaap J. A., et al.
(author)
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Antecedents and consequences of peer-rated intelligence
- 2011
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In: European Journal of Personality. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 25:2, s. 108-119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study investigated the antecedents and consequences of peer-rated intelligence in a longitudinal round robin design, following previously unacquainted members of small student work groups. Results indicated that peer-reputations of intelligence were reliable, stable and weakly correlated with objective intelligence. Bias was shown by correlations with interpersonal liking (decreasing across time) and idiosyncratic rating tendencies (increasing across time). Agreement between self-ratings and peer-reputations increased over time but was not based on increasing accuracy but on reciprocal associations between self-ratings and peer-reputations in the beginning of the acquaintanceship process, and on peer-reputations predicting changes in self-ratings later on. Finally, it was shown that peer-rated intelligence reputations predict academic achievement across two 4-month periods (even when tested intelligence was controlled) and dropout from university after 8 months. Overall, the pattern of results demonstrates the utility of a socioanalytic perspective in analysing personality and social processes.
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| 3. |
- Deuling, Jacqueline K., et al.
(author)
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Perceived influence in groups over time : how associations with personality and cognitive ability can change over time
- 2011
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In: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 45:6, s. 576-585
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ability of personality and cognitive ability to predict perceptions of group influence in small work groups are assessed both in initial and advanced stages of group formation. Extraversion is found important to initial perceptions of intra-group influence, which is partially mediated by peer-perceived social-emotional usefulness. After a few months, reputations are established and everyone has met: now work needs to get done efficiently and accurately and cognitive ability predicts increases in perceived group influence, which is partially mediated by perceived intelligence. After even more time, other Big Five personality traits become important to changes in perceived group influence, with positive associations with openness to experience, and negative associations with neuroticism and conscientiousness. The study findings and implications are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Dufner, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Are Actual and Perceived Intellectual Self-enhancers Evaluated Differently by Social Perceivers?
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Personality. - : SAGE Publications. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 27:6, s. 621-633
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Do actual and perceived self-enhancement entail differing social impressions (i.e. interpersonal evaluations)? Actual self-enhancement represents unduly positive self-views, as gauged by an objective criterion (in this case, IQ scores), whereas perceived self-enhancement involves the extent to which an individual is seen by informants (i.e. peers or observers) as self-enhancing. In an online survey (N=337), a laboratory experiment (N=75), and a round-robin study (N=183), we tested the effects of actual and perceived intellectual self-enhancement on (informant-rated) emotional stability, social attractiveness, and social influence. Actual self-enhancers were rated as emotionally stable, socially attractive, and socially influential. High perceived self-enhancers were judged as socially influential, whereas low-to-moderate perceived self-enhancers were deemed emotionally stable and socially attractive. Privately entertained, illusory positive (even extreme) self-beliefs confer social benefits, whereas being perceived as self-enhancing buys social influence at the cost of being despised. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Dufner, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Positive intelligence illusions : on the relation between intellectual self-enhancement and psychological adjustment
- 2012
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In: Journal of personality. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-3506 .- 1467-6494. ; 80:3, s. 537-572
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relation between self-enhancement and psychological adjustment has been debated for over 2 decades. This controversy is partly due to the variety of approaches implicated in the assessment of mainly self-enhancement but also psychological adjustment. We adopted a face-valid approach by statistically removing actual intellectual ability variance from self-rated intellectual ability variance. Study 1 (N?=?2,048), a concurrent Internet investigation, provided initial insight into the relation between intellectual self-enhancement and psychological adjustment. Study 2 (N?=?238), a longitudinal round-robin investigation, allowed a closer examination of the dynamic processes underlying this relation. Self-enhancement was positively linked to multiple indicators of intrapersonal and interpersonal adjustment, and predicted rank-order increases in adjustment over time. The links between intellectual self-enhancement and intrapersonal adjustment were mediated by self-esteem. Finally, the interpersonal costs and benefits of self-enhancement systematically varied depending on methodology.
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| 6. |
- Evans, Brittany E, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Neuroticism and extraversion in relation to physiological stress reactivity during adolescence.
- 2016
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In: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 117, s. 67-79
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study examined mean level and change in extraversion and neuroticism across adolescence in relation to physiological stress reactivity to social evaluation. Adolescents (n=327) from the Dutch general population reported on personality measures at five annual assessments. At age 17 years, adolescents participated in a psychosocial stress procedure characterized by social evaluation during which cortisol, heart rate, pre-ejection period (PEP) and heart rate variability were assessed. Dual latent growth curve models were fitted in which the intercepts (mean level) and slopes (change) of personality across adolescence predicted the intercepts (baseline) and slopes (reactivity) of the physiological stress measures. Most comparisons revealed no relation between personality and stress reactivity. Adolescents with higher mean level scores on extraversion did show lower cortisol reactivity. Adolescents with higher mean level neuroticism scores showed higher PEP reactivity. Our findings lend partial support for a relation between personality and physiological stress reactivity.
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| 7. |
- Overbeek, Geertjan, et al.
(author)
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Co-occurrence of depressive moods and delinquency in early adolescence : the role of failure expectations, manipulativeness, and social contexts
- 2006
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : Sage Publications. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651. ; 30:5, s. 433-443
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined the co-occurrence of depression and delinquency in early adolescents, focusing on longitudinal associations with failure expectations and manipulativeness, and on perceptions of relationships with parents, school and teachers, and peers. Data were used from 1,059 Swedish adolescents aged 13 to 15, who participated in 2 waves (T1 - 1998; T2 - 2000) of an ongoing longitudinal research. Results showed that depression and delinquency co-occurred in about 9% of respondents, and that depression and delinquency followed separate developments throughout early adolescence. Development of co-occurring depression and delinquency was positively linked to a later constellation of high failure expectations and manipulativeness across a 2-year period. Additionally, the development of combined failure expectations and manipulativeness was positively linked to a later co-occurrence of depression and delinquency across a 2-year period. Further, the cooccurrence of depression and delinquency was predicted by lower-quality relationships with parents and negative attitudes towards school and teachers, whereas a constellation of high failure expectations and manipulativeness was linked to earlier negative interactions with parents and feeling isolated from peers.
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| 8. |
- Selfhout, Maarten, et al.
(author)
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Emerging late adolescent friendship networks and Big Five personality traits : a social network approach
- 2010
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In: Journal of personality. - : Wiley. - 0022-3506 .- 1467-6494. ; 78:2, s. 509-538
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study focuses on the emergence of friendship networks among just-acquainted individuals, investigating the effects of Big Five personality traits on friendship selection processes. Sociometric nominations and self-ratings on personality traits were gathered from 205 late adolescents (mean age=19 years) at 5 time points during the first year of university. SIENA, a novel multilevel statistical procedure for social network analysis, was used to examine effects of Big Five traits on friendship selection. Results indicated that friendship networks between just-acquainted individuals became increasingly more cohesive within the first 3 months and then stabilized. Whereas individuals high on Extraversion tended to select more friends than those low on this trait, individuals high on Agreeableness tended to be selected more as friends. In addition, individuals tended to select friends with similar levels of Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Openness.
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| 9. |
- Selfhout, Maarten H. W., et al.
(author)
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The development of delinquency and perceived friendship quality in adolescent best friendship dyads
- 2008
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In: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0091-0627 .- 1573-2835. ; 36:4, s. 471-485
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examines both the unique and the combined role of best friends' delinquency and perceived friendship quality in the development of adolescent delinquency. Questionnaire data were gathered from 435 Dutch adolescent best friends (mean age at first wave = 12.97) over a period of 5 years with annual assessments. Results showed that mean levels of delinquency and perceived friendship quality increased over time. Adolescent best friends were highly similar in both mean levels and changes in delinquency over time. For boys, similarity in mean level delinquency between best friends was higher than for girls. In addition, only for boys, friends' delinquency is associated with increases in adolescent delinquency over time, and adolescents' delinquency is associated with increases in friends' delinquency over time. No bidirectional longitudinal associations were found between perceived friendship quality and adolescent delinquency. No interaction effects between friendship quality and friends' delinquency on adolescent delinquency were found. Thus, findings were more in support of the differential association theory than of the social control theory.
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| 10. |
- Selfhout, Maarten H. W., et al.
(author)
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The role of music preferences in early adolescents' friendship formation and stability
- 2009
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In: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 32:1, s. 95-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present Study examines the role of similarity in music preferences in the formation and discontinuation or friendships over a I-year period. Questionnaire data were gathered from 293 Dutch same-sex mutual best friends (mean age = 12.97) in two waves with a I-year Interval. Results show consistent evidence for high similarity in specific music dimensions among friends at both waves. Moderate similarity was found in the overall patterning of preferences for music genres at both waves, even after controlling for similarity in social background. Specific Music similarity in more non-mainstream music dimensions and overall music similarity at Wave I were related to selecting a new friend at Wave 2. However, similarity in music preferences was not related to the discontinuation of an existing friendship at Wave 2. Thus, results suggest that similarity in music preferences is related to friendship formation, and not to Friendship discontinuation. (C) 2007 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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